Products related to Unsaturated:
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Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Provides comprehensive coverage of the atom-economic approach to functionalized molecules using unsaturated hydrocarbons as starting materials Unsaturated hydrocarbons have emerged as an important class of fundamental starting materials in organic synthesis.Synthetic methodologies incorporating unsaturated hydrocarbons continue to expand due to their numerous applications in the synthesis of a vast array of chemicals. Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons presents an up-to-date overview of modern methods that utilize reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons as building blocks of organic synthesis, covering the conceptual and practical knowledge required for designing atom-efficient reactions to synthesize functionalized molecules.This authoritative volume discusses homo-dimerization and cross-dimerization of alkynes and/or alkenes, synthesis of carbonyl compounds from the hydration of alkynes, cycloadditions of alkynes and alkenes for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles, double functionalization of alkynes and alkenes by addition reactions of element-element bonds, and more. Summarizes the most recent developments in the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbonsFeatures more than 600 schemes describing typical reactions starting from unsaturated hydrocarbonsCovers topics such as alkynylated reactions, addition and cycloaddition reactions of alkynes and alkenes, and carbonylation of alkynes and alkenes with carbon monoxideIncludes examples of synthesis procedures of natural products involving alkyne transformation With comprehensive coverage of important reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons, Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons is a valuable resource for organic chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and biochemists in both academia and industry as well as an excellent reference text for graduate students in relevant areas of chemistry.
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Laboratory Tests for Unsaturated Soils
The testing of unsaturated soils requires greater care and effort than that of saturated soils.Although unsaturated soil mechanics has been embraced by geotechnical engineering, engineering practice has not yet caught up as the characterization of unsaturated soils is difficult and time-consuming, and made harder still by a lack of standards. Laboratory Tests for Unsaturated Soils collates test procedures to cover all laboratory tests for characterising unsaturated soils.It covers the background, theory, test procedures, and interpretation of test results.Each test procedure is broken down into simple stages and described in detail.The pitfalls of each test and the interpretation of the test results are explained.Test data and calculation methods are given, along with many numerical examples to illustrate the methods of interpretation and to offer the presentation of typical results. The book is especially useful for students and researchers who are new to the field and provides a practical handbook for engineering applications.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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What does unsaturated solution mean?
An unsaturated solution is a solution in which the solvent has not dissolved the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature and pressure. This means that more solute could still be dissolved in the solvent. In an unsaturated solution, the rate of solute dissolving is greater than the rate of solute crystallizing out of the solution.
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Is ethene saturated or unsaturated?
Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. It contains a double bond between the two carbon atoms, which means it has the capacity to undergo addition reactions. This double bond allows ethene to form new bonds with other atoms or molecules, making it unsaturated.
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Why are unsaturated fatty acids liquid?
Unsaturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature because of their chemical structure. Unlike saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds in their carbon chain. This double bond creates a kink in the carbon chain, preventing the molecules from packing tightly together. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point and remain in a liquid state at room temperature.
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How can unsaturated hydrocarbons be detected?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons can be detected using various methods such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Infrared spectroscopy can identify the presence of double or triple bonds based on the characteristic absorption frequencies of these functional groups. NMR spectroscopy can provide information about the number and types of unsaturation present in a molecule. Mass spectrometry can be used to determine the molecular weight of the compound and identify the presence of unsaturation based on the fragmentation pattern of the molecule.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Nanotechnology in Electronics : Materials, Properties, Devices
Nanotechnology in Electronics Enables readers to understand and apply state-of-the-art concepts surrounding modern nanotechnology in electronics Nanotechnology in Electronics summarizes numerous research accomplishments in the field, covering novel materials for electronic applications (such as graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes) and modern nanoelectronic devices (such as biosensors, optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, nanoscale batteries, and nanogenerators) that are used in many different fields (such as sensor technology, energy generation, data storage and biomedicine). Edited by four highly qualified researchers and professionals in the field, other specific sample topics covered in Nanotechnology in Electronics include: Graphene-based nanoelectronics biosensors, including the history, properties, and fundamentals of graphene, plus fundamentals of graphene derivatives and the synthesis of graphene Zinc oxide piezoelectronic nanogenerators for low frequency applications, with an introduction to zinc oxide and zinc oxide piezoelectric nanogenerators Investigation of the hot junctionless mosfets, including an overview of the junctionless paradigm and a simulation framework of the hot carrier degradation Conductive nanomaterials for printed/flexible electronics application and metal oxide semiconductors for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer The fundamental aspects and applications of multiferroic-based spintronic devices and quartz tuning fork based nanosensors. Containing in-depth information on the topic and written intentionally to help with the practical application of concepts described within, Nanotechnology in Electronics is a must-have reference for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and engineering scientists who wish to understand and harness the state of the art in the field.
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A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are of major importance for the chemical industry.Despite significant progress in predictive methods, experimental VLE data are still indispensable.In this work, we address the need for experimental VLE data.Commonly, the characterization of VLE requires significant experimental effort.To limit the experimental effort, VLE measurements are frequently conducted by synthetic methods which employ samples of known composition and avoid complex analytics and sampling issues.In contrast, analytical methods provide independent information on phase compositions, commonly based on sampling and large amounts of substance. In the first part of this work, we employ a synthetic method, the well-established Cailletet setup, to characterize the high pressure VLE of two promising binary biofuel blends.The Cailletet method serves as a state of the art reference method that enables collecting data of remarkable accuracy.However, extensive infrastructure is needed. In the second part, to avoid extensive infrastructure and overcome limitations of previous methods, we develop a novel analytical milliliter-scale setup for the noninvasive and efficient characterization of VLE: RAMSPEQU (Raman Spectroscopic Phase Equilibrium Characterization).The novel setup saves substance and rapidly characterizes VLE.Sampling and its associated errors are avoided by analyzing phase compositions using Raman spectroscopy.Thereby, volumes of less than 3 ml are sufficient for reliable phase equilibrium measurements.To enable rapid data generation and save substance, we design an integrated workow combining Raman signal calibration and VLE measurement.As a result, RAMSPEQU gives access to up to 15 pT xy-data sets per workday.RAMSPEQU is successfully validated against pure component and binary VLE data from literature. However, mixtures with only two components rarely depict real industrial applications.As the number of experiments increases strongly with a rising number of components, the efficient RAMSPEQU setup seems particularly suited for multicomponent systems.In the third part of this work, we employ the RAMSPEQU setup for the characterization of a quaternary system and its binary subsystems. 22 ml and 105 ml of the binary and quaternary mixtures are sufficient for an extensive VLE characterization. The RAMSPEQU setup and its integrated workow enable the characterization of multicomponent VLE while saving significant amounts of substance and laboratory time.
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Nanotechnology-Enhanced Solid Materials : Design, Synthesis, Properties, Applications, and Perspectives
This new volume highlights the emergence and rapid development of nanotechnology-enhanced solid materials and the ways they have impacted almost every aspect of nanoengineering.The chapters explore the role of nanomaterials in industries in diverse applications, such as for insulation and reinforcement of composite materials.The book focuses on the design, synthesis, and properties of solid materials, presenting updated, practical, and systematic knowledge on the modification of nanomaterials.The topics include photovoltaic applications of solid carbons, mesoporous silica nanomaterials, smart biopolymer composites and polymer solids, graphene oxide as an emerging solid-based nanocomposite material, steady-state creep deformation, and more.
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Why are unsaturated fatty acids bent?
Unsaturated fatty acids are bent because of the presence of double bonds in their carbon chain. These double bonds create kinks or bends in the fatty acid chain, which prevents the molecules from packing tightly together. As a result, unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point and are typically liquid at room temperature. This bent structure also allows unsaturated fatty acids to be more flexible and fluid, which is important for their function in cell membranes and other biological processes.
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What is better, saturated or unsaturated fats?
Unsaturated fats are generally considered better for overall health compared to saturated fats. Unsaturated fats, such as those found in nuts, seeds, avocados, and olive oil, can help lower bad cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. On the other hand, saturated fats, found in animal products and processed foods, can raise bad cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. It is important to consume unsaturated fats in moderation as part of a balanced diet for optimal health.
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What are the formulas for unsaturated fatty acids?
The general formula for unsaturated fatty acids is CnH2n-2. This formula indicates that unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms, resulting in fewer hydrogen atoms compared to saturated fatty acids. The specific structure and number of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids can vary, leading to different types such as monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Which fat is rich in unsaturated fatty acids?
Olive oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly monounsaturated fats. These healthy fats have been linked to various health benefits, such as reducing inflammation and improving heart health. Including olive oil in your diet can be a good way to increase your intake of unsaturated fatty acids.
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