Products related to Reciprocity:
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Justice and Reciprocity
Justice and Reciprocity examines the place of reciprocity in egalitarianism, focusing on John Rawls's conception of "justice as fairness." Reciprocity was a central to justice as fairness, but Rawls wasn't explicit about the different forms of reciprocity, nor the diverse roles reciprocity played in his theory. The book's main thesis is threefold. First, reciprocity is not simply a fact of human psychology or a duty, but a limiting condition on other duties.Second, such conditions are a natural consequence of thinking of equality as a relational value.However, third, we can identify limits on this conditionality, which explains how some duties of justice can be unconditional.The book explores the ramifications of this argument in a series of debates about distributive justice: productive incentives, duties to future generations, unconditional basic income, and global justice.In each domain, thinking about reciprocity as a limiting condition helps explain otherwise puzzling aspects of justice as fairness, in some cases making the view more plausible, but in others underlining limits that will be unappealing to egalitarians of a more unilateral bent.Lister ultimately shows that reciprocity involves more than returning benefits, and that limiting justice with reciprocity conditions need not make justice implausibly undemanding.In this way, the book rehabilitates reciprocity for egalitarianism.
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Path : A short story about reciprocity
A solitary figure walks along ancient pathways, between slender trees, across open hills. As the earth offers up support and reassurance, they walk through uncertainty towards an understanding that they we are not alone, but part of the fabric of the world. With evocative photography and artwork, Path is a contemplative journey written in poetic prose that embodies the steady rhythms and joy of walking, and captures our reciprocal relationship with the land.
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Contemporary Collaborative Consumption : Trust and Reciprocity Revisited
This book provides critical perspectives on contemporary collaborative consumption, a recent societal phenomenon shaking up previously fixed socio-economic categories such as the producer and the consumer.The contributors discuss the role of trust and reciprocity in collaborative consumption through seven case studies.The chapters advance debates on the contradictions of positioning collaborative consumption as possible solutions for a more sustainable development and exacerbating new forms of inequalities and injustice.The book contributes a nuanced appraisal of social and economic activity for reflecting socio-technological changes in contemporary societies.
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A Cooperative Species : Human Reciprocity and Its Evolution
Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good?Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin.In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers.The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival.Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment.Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.
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What does Mendel's law of reciprocity state?
Mendel's law of reciprocity states that the reciprocal crosses between two different traits will produce the same result regardless of which parent is the male and which is the female. This means that the outcome of a genetic cross will be the same whether Trait A is inherited from the male parent and Trait B from the female, or vice versa. In other words, the inheritance of traits is not dependent on the sex of the parent carrying the trait.
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What does that depend on reciprocity mean?
Reciprocity means the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit. In the context of "that depend on reciprocity," it suggests that the outcome or success of a situation or relationship is contingent on both parties giving and receiving in equal measure. It emphasizes the importance of balance and fairness in interactions, where each individual contributes and receives in a way that is mutually beneficial.
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What does Mendel's Law of Reciprocity state?
Mendel's Law of Reciprocity states that the relative frequencies of two kinds of gametes produced by an individual plant or animal are equal to the product of the frequencies of the two kinds of gametes produced by the other individual. In simpler terms, it means that the probability of two events occurring together is the same as the product of the probabilities of each event occurring separately. This law helps in understanding the inheritance patterns of different traits in offspring.
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What is the difference between reciprocity and mutualism?
Reciprocity refers to the practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit, often with the expectation of a return favor in the future. This can be seen in various social, economic, and cultural contexts. On the other hand, mutualism is a specific type of symbiotic relationship between two organisms in which both parties benefit from the interaction. This can be seen in ecological systems, where different species rely on each other for resources or services. While reciprocity is a broader concept that encompasses various types of exchanges, mutualism specifically refers to a mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Cannibal Translation Volume 44 : Literary Reciprocity in Contemporary Latin America
A bold comparative study illustrating the creative potential of translations that embrace mutuality and resist assimilation Cannibal translators digest, recombine, transform, and trouble their source materials.Isabel C. Gómez makes the case for this model of literary production by excavating a network of translation projects in Latin America that includes canonical writers of the twentieth century, including Haroldo and Augusto de Campos, Rosario Castellanos, Clarice Lispector, JosÉ Emilio Pacheco, Octavio Paz, and Angel RÁma.Building on the avant-garde reclaiming of cannibalism as an Indigenous practice meant to honorably incorporate the other into the self, these authors took up Brazilian theories of translation in Spanish to fashion a distinctly Latin American literary exchange, one that rejected normative and Anglocentric approaches to translation and developed collaborative techniques to bring about a new understanding of world literature. By shedding new light on the political and aesthetic pathways of translation movements beyond the Global North, Gómez offers an alternative conception of the theoretical and ethical challenges posed by this artistic practice.Cannibal Translation: Literary Reciprocity in Contemporary Latin America mobilizes a capacious archive of personal letters, publishers’ records, newspapers, and new media to illuminate inventive strategies of collectivity and process, such as untranslation, transcreation, intersectional autobiographical translation, and transpeaking.The book invites readers to find fresh meaning in other translational histories and question the practices that mediate literary circulation.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Bull Trout's Gift : A Salish Story about the Value of Reciprocity
“We were wealthy from the water,” Mitch Smallsalmon says, and like all the tribal elders, he speaks to our understanding of the natural world and the consequences of change.In this book the wisdom of the elders is passed on to the young as the story of the Jocko River, the home of the bull trout, unfolds for a group of schoolchildren on a field trip. The Jocko River flows through the Flathead Indian Reservation in northwestern Montana.For thousands of years the Salish and Pend d’Oreille Indians lived along its banks, finding food and medicine in its plants and fish, and in the game hunted on its floodplain.Readers of this story will learn, along with the students of Ms. Howlett’s class, about the history and culture of the river and its meaning in Native life, tradition, and religion.They will also discover the scientific background and social importance behind the Tribes’ efforts to restore the bull trout to its home waters.Beautifully illustrated and narrated in the tradition of the Salish and Kootenai Tribes, this account of conservation as the legacy of one generation to the next is about being good to the land that has been good to us.Bull Trout’s Gift is steeped in the culture, history, and science that our children must know if they hope to transform past wisdom into future good.
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Is love without reciprocity a question without an answer?
Love without reciprocity can be a complex and challenging experience, but it is not necessarily a question without an answer. While it can be painful and difficult to love someone who does not love you back, it is possible to find fulfillment and joy in loving unconditionally. Ultimately, the answer to this question may vary for each individual, as it depends on their personal beliefs, values, and experiences with love. Some may find peace and contentment in giving love without expecting anything in return, while others may struggle with the lack of reciprocity.
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Why does life consist only of reciprocity and only of money?
Life consists of reciprocity and money because these two elements are essential for survival and functioning in society. Reciprocity is the foundation of social interactions, where individuals exchange goods, services, and support to meet their needs and build relationships. Money, on the other hand, is a medium of exchange that facilitates transactions and enables individuals to acquire the resources they need to live. Together, reciprocity and money form the basis of economic systems and social structures that govern human interactions and relationships.
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Where has photonics gone?
Photonics has advanced and expanded into various industries and applications, including telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, and defense. It has enabled the development of faster and more efficient communication systems, medical imaging technologies, high-precision manufacturing tools, and advanced military equipment. Photonics has also made significant contributions to renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells and LED lighting. Overall, photonics has become an integral part of modern technology and continues to drive innovation in a wide range of fields.
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How advanced is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field that involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, which is on the order of billionths of a meter. It has already led to significant advancements in various industries, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Researchers are continually developing new techniques and applications for nanotechnology, such as targeted drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and nanomaterials with unique properties. While nanotechnology is still in its early stages, it holds great promise for revolutionizing many aspects of our lives in the future.
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