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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Nanotechnology in Electronics : Materials, Properties, Devices
Nanotechnology in Electronics Enables readers to understand and apply state-of-the-art concepts surrounding modern nanotechnology in electronics Nanotechnology in Electronics summarizes numerous research accomplishments in the field, covering novel materials for electronic applications (such as graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes) and modern nanoelectronic devices (such as biosensors, optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, nanoscale batteries, and nanogenerators) that are used in many different fields (such as sensor technology, energy generation, data storage and biomedicine). Edited by four highly qualified researchers and professionals in the field, other specific sample topics covered in Nanotechnology in Electronics include: Graphene-based nanoelectronics biosensors, including the history, properties, and fundamentals of graphene, plus fundamentals of graphene derivatives and the synthesis of graphene Zinc oxide piezoelectronic nanogenerators for low frequency applications, with an introduction to zinc oxide and zinc oxide piezoelectric nanogenerators Investigation of the hot junctionless mosfets, including an overview of the junctionless paradigm and a simulation framework of the hot carrier degradation Conductive nanomaterials for printed/flexible electronics application and metal oxide semiconductors for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer The fundamental aspects and applications of multiferroic-based spintronic devices and quartz tuning fork based nanosensors. Containing in-depth information on the topic and written intentionally to help with the practical application of concepts described within, Nanotechnology in Electronics is a must-have reference for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and engineering scientists who wish to understand and harness the state of the art in the field.
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How is aluminum extracted from aluminum oxide?
Aluminum is extracted from aluminum oxide through a process called electrolysis. In this process, aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, which lowers its melting point and allows it to conduct electricity. Then, a direct current is passed through the molten aluminum oxide, causing the aluminum ions to migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced to form aluminum metal. The oxygen ions migrate to the anode, where they combine to form oxygen gas. This process is energy-intensive but allows for the extraction of pure aluminum from aluminum oxide.
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Is aluminum the same as aluminum hydroxide?
No, aluminum and aluminum hydroxide are not the same. Aluminum is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13, while aluminum hydroxide is a compound containing aluminum, hydrogen, and oxygen. Aluminum hydroxide is commonly used as an antacid to treat heartburn, indigestion, and upset stomach, while aluminum is widely used in various industries for its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.
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What would happen if lead or aluminum had been used in the Rutherford scattering experiment?
If lead or aluminum had been used in the Rutherford scattering experiment instead of gold, the results would have been significantly different. Lead and aluminum have different atomic numbers and densities compared to gold, which would have affected the scattering of alpha particles. The scattering angles and patterns observed would have been altered, potentially leading to different conclusions about the structure of the atom. The choice of gold in the experiment was crucial in providing the necessary data for Rutherford to propose the nuclear model of the atom.
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How can one extract aluminum from aluminum oxide?
Aluminum can be extracted from aluminum oxide through a process called electrolysis. In this process, aluminum oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite, which lowers the melting point of the mixture. Then, an electric current is passed through the molten mixture, causing the aluminum oxide to break down into its elements. The aluminum ions are attracted to the negative electrode (cathode) and are reduced to form aluminum metal, while the oxygen ions are attracted to the positive electrode (anode) and are oxidized to form oxygen gas. This process allows for the extraction of pure aluminum from aluminum oxide.
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6061 Aluminum Alloy Strip Solid High-Quality Aluminum Alloy Industrial Aluminum Plate DIY Materials
6061 Aluminum Alloy Strip Solid High-Quality Aluminum Alloy Industrial Aluminum Plate DIY Materials
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6061 Aluminum Alloy Strip Solid High-Quality Aluminum Alloy Industrial Aluminum Plate DIY Materials
6061 Aluminum Alloy Strip Solid High-Quality Aluminum Alloy Industrial Aluminum Plate DIY Materials
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A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are of major importance for the chemical industry.Despite significant progress in predictive methods, experimental VLE data are still indispensable.In this work, we address the need for experimental VLE data.Commonly, the characterization of VLE requires significant experimental effort.To limit the experimental effort, VLE measurements are frequently conducted by synthetic methods which employ samples of known composition and avoid complex analytics and sampling issues.In contrast, analytical methods provide independent information on phase compositions, commonly based on sampling and large amounts of substance. In the first part of this work, we employ a synthetic method, the well-established Cailletet setup, to characterize the high pressure VLE of two promising binary biofuel blends.The Cailletet method serves as a state of the art reference method that enables collecting data of remarkable accuracy.However, extensive infrastructure is needed. In the second part, to avoid extensive infrastructure and overcome limitations of previous methods, we develop a novel analytical milliliter-scale setup for the noninvasive and efficient characterization of VLE: RAMSPEQU (Raman Spectroscopic Phase Equilibrium Characterization).The novel setup saves substance and rapidly characterizes VLE.Sampling and its associated errors are avoided by analyzing phase compositions using Raman spectroscopy.Thereby, volumes of less than 3 ml are sufficient for reliable phase equilibrium measurements.To enable rapid data generation and save substance, we design an integrated workow combining Raman signal calibration and VLE measurement.As a result, RAMSPEQU gives access to up to 15 pT xy-data sets per workday.RAMSPEQU is successfully validated against pure component and binary VLE data from literature. However, mixtures with only two components rarely depict real industrial applications.As the number of experiments increases strongly with a rising number of components, the efficient RAMSPEQU setup seems particularly suited for multicomponent systems.In the third part of this work, we employ the RAMSPEQU setup for the characterization of a quaternary system and its binary subsystems. 22 ml and 105 ml of the binary and quaternary mixtures are sufficient for an extensive VLE characterization. The RAMSPEQU setup and its integrated workow enable the characterization of multicomponent VLE while saving significant amounts of substance and laboratory time.
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High-quality Materials High Quality Squid Hook Aluminum Alloy ABS Aluminum Alloy Gorgeous High
High-quality Materials High Quality Squid Hook Aluminum Alloy ABS Aluminum Alloy Gorgeous High
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Which materials are used for an MRI piercing, titanium, aluminum, or vanadium?
Titanium is the preferred material for an MRI piercing because it is non-magnetic and safe for use in MRI machines. Aluminum and vanadium are not commonly used for piercings due to their magnetic properties, which can cause interference with the MRI machine and potentially be dangerous for the individual undergoing the scan.
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How do you calculate aluminum atoms and aluminum oxide?
To calculate the number of aluminum atoms in a sample of aluminum, you would first determine the mass of the sample in grams. Then, you would convert this mass to moles using the molar mass of aluminum. Finally, you would use Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) to convert moles of aluminum to atoms. To calculate the number of aluminum oxide molecules, you would follow a similar process. First, determine the mass of the sample in grams and convert it to moles using the molar mass of aluminum oxide. Then, use Avogadro's number to convert moles of aluminum oxide to molecules. Remember that aluminum oxide has the chemical formula Al2O3, so you would need to account for the number of aluminum and oxygen atoms in each molecule.
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Isn't it easier to produce aluminum with aluminum chloride?
Producing aluminum with aluminum chloride is not necessarily easier. While aluminum chloride can be used as a catalyst in the production of aluminum through the Hall-Héroult process, it is not the primary raw material used. The primary raw material for aluminum production is bauxite, which is processed to extract aluminum oxide, from which aluminum is then produced through electrolysis. While aluminum chloride can be used in certain processes, it is not the main method for producing aluminum.
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Do aluminum ions dissolve over time from aluminum foil?
Yes, aluminum ions can dissolve over time from aluminum foil, especially in the presence of acidic or salty solutions. This process is known as corrosion and can result in the release of aluminum ions into the surrounding environment. However, the rate of dissolution depends on various factors such as the pH of the solution, temperature, and the presence of other ions. It's important to note that the amount of aluminum ions released from foil is generally considered to be safe for consumption and does not pose a significant health risk.
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