Products related to Variability:
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Climate Variability and Tropical Cyclone Activity
This book presents a comprehensive summary of research on tropical cyclone variability at various time scales, from intraseasonal and interannual to interdecadal and centennial.It covers the fundamental theory, statistics and numerical modelling techniques used when considering climate variability in relation to tropical cyclone activity.Major climate oscillations including the Madden-Julian, El Niño, Atlantic Meridional Mode, and Pacific Decadal oscillations are covered, and their impacts on tropical cyclone activity in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans are discussed.Hurricane landfalls in the United States, Caribbean and East Asia are also considered.Climate models and numerical simulations are used to show how prediction models of tropical cyclones are developed, while looking to the future, particular attention is paid to predicting how tropical cyclones will change in response to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases.This book ideal for researchers and practitioners in atmospheric science, climatology, oceanography and civil and environmental engineering.
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Natural Decadal Climate Variability : Phenomena, Mechanisms, and Predictability
Natural decadal climate variability (DCV) and its interactions with anthropogenic climate change (ACC) are vitally important to understand to predict the future of the Earth’s climate.This book, after familiarizing readers with the importance of understanding and predicting DCV phenomena and its distinction from ACC phenomena, comprehensively explains the physics of DCV, integrating paleoclimate proxy and modern instrument-based data and simulations with climate models.Features of this book: Uniquely focuses on natural DCV, its physics, and its predictability Presents an integrated view of DCV phenomena based on approximately 700 peer-reviewed publications cited in the book Includes research on influences of decadal variability in solar emissions on the Earth’s climate, with a historical perspective going back several centuries Describes progress in decadal climate predictability and prediction research, with a historical perspective on weather and climate predictability researchThis book is an excellent resource for graduate students, faculty members and other teachers and researchers, and anyone who is interested in learning about a very important component of the puzzle of the changing climate. "This book provides a comprehensive review…. Highlighted throughout the book are potential links between DCV and solar variability, a fascinating topic that has engaged our minds for centuries.Written by an expert with more than 30 years’ experience, this book should be an invaluable resource for students and researchers interested in how our climate will evolve over the coming decades."Doug Smith, Decadal Climate Prediction Leader, Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, UK"This book is a tour de force by the author who has spent his career studying decadal climate variability.He brings new insights to the vast scope of this topic, providing clearly understandable descriptions of the various aspects."Gerald Meehl, Senior Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, USA
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An Introduction to Solar Variability : Scales and impact
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Natural Decadal Climate Variability : Phenomena, Mechanisms, and Predictability
Natural decadal climate variability (DCV) and its interactions with anthropogenic climate change (ACC) are vitally important to understand to predict the future of the Earth’s climate.This book, after familiarizing readers with the importance of understanding and predicting DCV phenomena and its distinction from ACC phenomena, comprehensively explains the physics of DCV, integrating paleoclimate proxy and modern instrument-based data and simulations with climate models.Features of this book: Uniquely focuses on natural DCV, its physics, and its predictability Presents an integrated view of DCV phenomena based on approximately 700 peer-reviewed publications cited in the book Includes research on influences of decadal variability in solar emissions on the Earth’s climate, with a historical perspective going back several centuries Describes progress in decadal climate predictability and prediction research, with a historical perspective on weather and climate predictability researchThis book is an excellent resource for graduate students, faculty members and other teachers and researchers, and anyone who is interested in learning about a very important component of the puzzle of the changing climate. "This book provides a comprehensive review…. Highlighted throughout the book are potential links between DCV and solar variability, a fascinating topic that has engaged our minds for centuries.Written by an expert with more than 30 years’ experience, this book should be an invaluable resource for students and researchers interested in how our climate will evolve over the coming decades."Doug Smith, Decadal Climate Prediction Leader, Meteorological Office Hadley Centre, UK"This book is a tour de force by the author who has spent his career studying decadal climate variability.He brings new insights to the vast scope of this topic, providing clearly understandable descriptions of the various aspects."Gerald Meehl, Senior Scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, USA
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How do you calculate variability?
Variability can be calculated using measures such as range, variance, and standard deviation. The range is the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset. Variance is the average of the squared differences from the mean, while the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. These measures help to quantify the spread or dispersion of data points in a dataset, providing insight into the variability of the data.
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What is genetic variability/diversity?
Genetic variability/diversity refers to the differences in genetic makeup among individuals within a population or species. It is essential for the survival and adaptation of a species to changing environments. Genetic diversity allows for the evolution of new traits and adaptations, increasing the chances of a population's survival in the face of environmental challenges and diseases. Maintaining genetic diversity is crucial for the long-term health and sustainability of a population or species.
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How does infinite variability work?
Infinite variability refers to the concept that there are an infinite number of possible variations or combinations within a given system or set of elements. This means that there is no limit to the potential diversity or range of outcomes that can arise. In practical terms, this means that within any given system or process, there is an endless array of potential configurations, choices, and results. This concept is important in fields such as biology, genetics, and technology, where the potential for variation and diversity is crucial to understanding and harnessing the complexity of natural and artificial systems.
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What is genetic variability and diversity?
Genetic variability refers to the differences in genetic makeup among individuals within a population or species. It is essential for adaptation and evolution as it allows for a range of traits and characteristics to be present within a population. Genetic diversity, on the other hand, refers to the total number of different genetic characteristics in a population. It is important for the long-term survival of a species as it increases the chances of individuals being able to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Handbook of Engineering Hydrology : Modeling, Climate Change, and Variability
While most books examine only the classical aspects of hydrology, this three-volume set covers multiple aspects of hydrology.It examines new approaches, addresses growing concerns about hydrological and ecological connectivity, and considers the worldwide impact of climate change. It also provides updated material on hydrological science and engineering, discussing recent developments as well as classic approaches.Published in three books, Fundamentals and Applications; Modeling, Climate Change, and Variability; and Environmental Hydrology and Water Management, the entire set consists of 87 chapters, and contains 29 chapters in each book. The chapters in this book contain information on:Climate change and hydrological hazards, hydrological modeling, and urban water systems, as well as climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources, climate change uncertainty, vulnerability, and adaptionRainfall estimation and changes, hydrological changes of mangrove ecosystems, impact of the development of vegetation on flow conditions and flood hazards, urbanization impacts on runoff regime, and discretization in urban watershedsArtificial neural network-based modeling of hydrologic processes, flow and sediment transport modeling in rivers, hybrid hydrological modeling, hydrologic modeling: stochastic processes, and time series analysis of hydrologic dataDam risk and uncertainty, drought indices for drought risk assessment in a changing climate, hydrologic prediction and uncertainty quantification, uncertainty and risk of the PMP and PMFGeostatistics applications in hydrology, GIS applications in a changing climate, GIS-based upland erosion mapping, regional flood frequency analysis, regionalization of hydrological extreme events, remote sensing data and information for hydrological monitoring and modelingApplication of copulas in hydrology, bankfull frequency of rivers, statistical parameters used for assessing hydrological regime, significance of statistical tests and persistence in hydrologic processes Students, practitioners, policy makers, consultants and researchers can benefit from the use of this text.
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Variability and Consistency in Early Language Learning : The Wordbank Project
The Wordbank Project examines variability and consistency in children's language learning across different languages and cultures, drawing on Wordbank, an open database with data from more than 75,000 children and twenty-nine languages or dialects.This big data approach makes the book the most comprehensive cross-linguistic analysis to date of early language learning.Moreover, its data-driven picture of which aspects of language learning are consistent across languages suggests constraints on the nature of children's language learning mechanisms.The book provides both a theoretical framework for scholars of language learning, language, and human cognition, and a resource for future research.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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What is recombination and genetic variability?
Recombination is the process by which genetic material is exchanged between two similar molecules of DNA, resulting in new combinations of genes. This process occurs during meiosis, the cell division that produces gametes (sperm and egg cells). Genetic variability refers to the diversity of genetic material within a population, which is influenced by factors such as recombination, mutations, and gene flow. Recombination plays a key role in generating genetic variability by creating new combinations of genes, which can lead to increased diversity and adaptation within a population.
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What is the genetic variability in cheetahs?
Cheetahs have very low genetic variability compared to other big cats, with estimates suggesting that they have lost around 90% of their genetic diversity. This is due to a population bottleneck that occurred around 10,000 years ago, reducing their numbers to a small population with limited genetic variation. Low genetic variability can make cheetahs more susceptible to diseases and environmental changes, posing a threat to their long-term survival as a species. Conservation efforts are being made to address this issue and increase genetic diversity in cheetah populations.
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How can I improve my heart rate variability (HRV)?
To improve your heart rate variability (HRV), you can focus on reducing stress and improving your overall health. Engaging in regular physical activity, practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, and yoga, getting enough sleep, and maintaining a healthy diet can all contribute to improving HRV. Additionally, managing stress through activities like mindfulness and spending time in nature can also help improve HRV. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional before making any significant changes to your lifestyle or starting a new exercise regimen.
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What does variability in evolution mean in simple terms?
Variability in evolution refers to the differences that exist among individuals within a population. This variation can be caused by genetic mutations, genetic recombination, and environmental factors. It is essential for the process of natural selection, as it allows for some individuals to be better suited to their environment and more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. Overall, variability in evolution is a key component that drives the diversity of life on Earth.
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