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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Nanotechnology in Electronics : Materials, Properties, Devices
Nanotechnology in Electronics Enables readers to understand and apply state-of-the-art concepts surrounding modern nanotechnology in electronics Nanotechnology in Electronics summarizes numerous research accomplishments in the field, covering novel materials for electronic applications (such as graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes) and modern nanoelectronic devices (such as biosensors, optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, nanoscale batteries, and nanogenerators) that are used in many different fields (such as sensor technology, energy generation, data storage and biomedicine). Edited by four highly qualified researchers and professionals in the field, other specific sample topics covered in Nanotechnology in Electronics include: Graphene-based nanoelectronics biosensors, including the history, properties, and fundamentals of graphene, plus fundamentals of graphene derivatives and the synthesis of graphene Zinc oxide piezoelectronic nanogenerators for low frequency applications, with an introduction to zinc oxide and zinc oxide piezoelectric nanogenerators Investigation of the hot junctionless mosfets, including an overview of the junctionless paradigm and a simulation framework of the hot carrier degradation Conductive nanomaterials for printed/flexible electronics application and metal oxide semiconductors for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer The fundamental aspects and applications of multiferroic-based spintronic devices and quartz tuning fork based nanosensors. Containing in-depth information on the topic and written intentionally to help with the practical application of concepts described within, Nanotechnology in Electronics is a must-have reference for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and engineering scientists who wish to understand and harness the state of the art in the field.
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What is the difference between materials and tools?
Materials are the substances or components used to create or build something, such as wood, metal, plastic, or fabric. Tools, on the other hand, are instruments or devices used to manipulate or work with materials, such as hammers, saws, drills, or sewing machines. In other words, materials are the raw elements used in a project, while tools are the instruments used to shape, cut, or assemble those materials.
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What tools, materials, and equipment do teachers work with?
Teachers work with a variety of tools, materials, and equipment in their daily work. Some common tools include whiteboards, markers, and projectors for delivering lessons. Materials such as textbooks, worksheets, and manipulatives are used to support student learning. Equipment like computers, printers, and audio-visual devices are also essential for creating engaging lessons and activities. Overall, teachers rely on a combination of traditional and modern tools to effectively educate their students.
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Which materials and tools are primarily needed in floristry?
In floristry, the primary materials needed include fresh flowers, foliage, and other natural elements like branches or berries. Additionally, tools such as floral foam, wire, tape, scissors, and floral shears are essential for creating arrangements. Vases, containers, and ribbons are also commonly used in floristry to enhance the presentation of the floral designs. Overall, a combination of natural materials and specialized tools are key to creating beautiful and professional floral arrangements.
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Which beings use tools to make tools?
Humans are the primary beings that use tools to make tools. This ability is a defining characteristic of human intelligence and has allowed us to develop complex technologies and civilizations. Some primates, such as chimpanzees and bonobos, have also been observed using tools to make tools, although their tool-making abilities are not as advanced as humans.
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Nanotechnology and In Silico Tools : Natural Remedies and Drug Discovery
Nanotechnology and In Silico Tools: Natural Remedies and Drug Discovery provides the latest information and updates in the area of drug discovery.The book covers aspects like nanomedicines, bioinformatics, molecular docking, molecular modeling, QSAR, virtual screening, and computational chemistry as well as metabolomics research using various tools.It combines the principles of natural medicines with refined modern technology to help chemists in the development of a more ecofriendly and effective discovery process. The drug discovery process accelerates the design of new leads for various life-threatening diseases and natural medicines.Silico tools have been an integral part of the drug discovery process, playing a major role as a template for drug discovery and offering a holistic approach to better management of various diseases.
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A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are of major importance for the chemical industry.Despite significant progress in predictive methods, experimental VLE data are still indispensable.In this work, we address the need for experimental VLE data.Commonly, the characterization of VLE requires significant experimental effort.To limit the experimental effort, VLE measurements are frequently conducted by synthetic methods which employ samples of known composition and avoid complex analytics and sampling issues.In contrast, analytical methods provide independent information on phase compositions, commonly based on sampling and large amounts of substance. In the first part of this work, we employ a synthetic method, the well-established Cailletet setup, to characterize the high pressure VLE of two promising binary biofuel blends.The Cailletet method serves as a state of the art reference method that enables collecting data of remarkable accuracy.However, extensive infrastructure is needed. In the second part, to avoid extensive infrastructure and overcome limitations of previous methods, we develop a novel analytical milliliter-scale setup for the noninvasive and efficient characterization of VLE: RAMSPEQU (Raman Spectroscopic Phase Equilibrium Characterization).The novel setup saves substance and rapidly characterizes VLE.Sampling and its associated errors are avoided by analyzing phase compositions using Raman spectroscopy.Thereby, volumes of less than 3 ml are sufficient for reliable phase equilibrium measurements.To enable rapid data generation and save substance, we design an integrated workow combining Raman signal calibration and VLE measurement.As a result, RAMSPEQU gives access to up to 15 pT xy-data sets per workday.RAMSPEQU is successfully validated against pure component and binary VLE data from literature. However, mixtures with only two components rarely depict real industrial applications.As the number of experiments increases strongly with a rising number of components, the efficient RAMSPEQU setup seems particularly suited for multicomponent systems.In the third part of this work, we employ the RAMSPEQU setup for the characterization of a quaternary system and its binary subsystems. 22 ml and 105 ml of the binary and quaternary mixtures are sufficient for an extensive VLE characterization. The RAMSPEQU setup and its integrated workow enable the characterization of multicomponent VLE while saving significant amounts of substance and laboratory time.
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Architectural Model Building : Tools, Techniques & Materials
Advances in computer aided design have proven to be an invaluable tool for the architect and designer, yet Frank Gehry still begins his creative process by making "simple" models out of modest materials.Drawings and video, while an essential part of the design process, are still not substitutes for the tactile sensation one receives from a scale model.Drawing on 20 years experience in art and architecture, the author has developed this book on model making as it applies to students and professional of the built environment.It will illustrate a multitude of techniques and the use of a wide variety of materials, providing a solid foundation for students and professionals to create and enjoy three-dimensional model making. Features: -- Organized according to a logical progression, using skills, techniques, and materials which build upon themselves -- Covers 3D fundamentals for interior design, architecture, landscape architecture, furniture design, theatrical design, and retail merchandising -- Chapters follow a logical progression from basic to the most advanced -- Section on "Learning from the Pros" will list common mistakes and how to avoid them -- Relevant safety issues relating to the tools and materials discussed throughout -- Planning considerations such as budget, use of models, scale, and construction techniques -- Display and photographing models for presentation including choosing a viewpoint, background and lighting effects -- Chapter on history of models and/or building systems, materials and construction techniques -- End of chapter assignments/exercises and summary and glossary -- Pre-printed geometric patterns for students to cut out and use to assemble models -- Instructor's Manual includes course outlines and recommended additional projects
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Nanotechnology for Hydrogen Production and Storage : Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces
Nanotechnology for Hydrogen Production and Storage: Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces presents an evaluation of the various nano-based systems for hydrogen generation and storage.With a focus on challenges and recent developments, the book analyzes nanomaterials with the potential to boost hydrogen production and improve storage.It assesses the potential improvements to industrially important hydrogen production technologies by way of better surface-interface control through nanostructures of strategical composites of metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, plasmonic metals, conducting polymers, carbonaceous materials, and bio-interfaces with different types of algae and bacteria. In addition, the efficiency of various photochemical water splitting processes to generate renewable hydrogen energy are reviewed, with a focus on natural water splitting via photosynthesis, and the use of various metallic and non-metallic nanomaterials in anthropogenic/artificial water splitting processes is analyzed.Finally, the potential of nanomaterials in enhancing hydrogen generation in dark- and photo-fermentative organisms is explored, along with various nano-based systems for hydrogen generation and associated significant challenges and advances in biohydrogen research and development.
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What devices, tools, or materials are used in a kindergarten?
In a kindergarten, various devices, tools, and materials are used to facilitate learning and play. These may include items such as crayons, markers, colored pencils, scissors, glue, construction paper, and other art supplies for creative activities. Additionally, educational toys, puzzles, building blocks, and manipulatives are used to promote fine motor skills and cognitive development. Other materials such as books, flashcards, and educational games are used to support literacy and numeracy skills. Overall, the devices, tools, and materials used in a kindergarten are designed to create a stimulating and engaging learning environment for young children.
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With which work tools, materials, and equipment do teachers work?
Teachers work with a variety of tools, materials, and equipment in their daily tasks. Some common tools include computers, projectors, whiteboards, and pens. Materials can range from textbooks and worksheets to art supplies and science equipment. Additionally, teachers may use equipment such as printers, laminators, and document cameras to enhance their teaching methods and create engaging learning experiences for students.
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How can cable tools be turned into battery-powered tools?
Cable tools can be turned into battery-powered tools by replacing the cable with a battery pack and motor. The battery pack provides the necessary power to operate the tool without the need for a cable connection. Additionally, a switch or trigger mechanism can be added to control the power flow from the battery to the motor, allowing for easy operation. Finally, a charger can be included to recharge the battery pack when needed, making the tool more portable and convenient to use.
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How can cable tools be converted into battery-operated tools?
Cable tools can be converted into battery-operated tools by removing the cable and replacing it with a battery pack. The tool's motor can be rewired to be powered by the battery pack instead of the cable. Additionally, a switch or trigger mechanism can be added to control the power supply from the battery to the motor. Finally, a battery charger can be included to recharge the battery pack when needed.
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