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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Nanotechnology in Electronics : Materials, Properties, Devices
Nanotechnology in Electronics Enables readers to understand and apply state-of-the-art concepts surrounding modern nanotechnology in electronics Nanotechnology in Electronics summarizes numerous research accomplishments in the field, covering novel materials for electronic applications (such as graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes) and modern nanoelectronic devices (such as biosensors, optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, nanoscale batteries, and nanogenerators) that are used in many different fields (such as sensor technology, energy generation, data storage and biomedicine). Edited by four highly qualified researchers and professionals in the field, other specific sample topics covered in Nanotechnology in Electronics include: Graphene-based nanoelectronics biosensors, including the history, properties, and fundamentals of graphene, plus fundamentals of graphene derivatives and the synthesis of graphene Zinc oxide piezoelectronic nanogenerators for low frequency applications, with an introduction to zinc oxide and zinc oxide piezoelectric nanogenerators Investigation of the hot junctionless mosfets, including an overview of the junctionless paradigm and a simulation framework of the hot carrier degradation Conductive nanomaterials for printed/flexible electronics application and metal oxide semiconductors for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer The fundamental aspects and applications of multiferroic-based spintronic devices and quartz tuning fork based nanosensors. Containing in-depth information on the topic and written intentionally to help with the practical application of concepts described within, Nanotechnology in Electronics is a must-have reference for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and engineering scientists who wish to understand and harness the state of the art in the field.
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Can you explain the Rutherford scattering experiment atomic model?
The Rutherford scattering experiment was conducted by physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1909. In this experiment, Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed their scattering patterns. According to the prevailing atomic model at the time, the plum pudding model, it was expected that the alpha particles would pass through the foil with minimal deflection. However, Rutherford's observations showed that some alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and even some were reflected back. This led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom, in which the atom is mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus at the center. This experiment provided evidence for the existence of a positively charged nucleus within the atom, leading to a significant shift in our understanding of atomic structure.
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Can someone explain the core-shell model and Rutherford's scattering experiment with results and statements about atomic structure, and compare it with the plum pudding model?
The core-shell model, proposed by Ernest Rutherford, suggests that an atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus (the core) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons (the shell). This model was based on Rutherford's scattering experiment, where he bombarded thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed that some particles were deflected, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center of the atom. This experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the understanding that most of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus. In contrast, the plum pudding model, proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggested that the atom is a uniform, positively charged sphere with electrons embedded throughout, like plums in a pudding. Rutherford's experiment and the core-shell model revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure by revealing the presence of a dense nucleus and paved the way for the development of the modern atomic model.
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How can one model a utilization model?
To model a utilization model, one can start by identifying the key resources or assets that are being utilized. Next, one should determine the factors that affect the utilization of these resources, such as demand, capacity, and efficiency. Then, one can create a mathematical or statistical model that represents the relationship between these factors and the utilization of the resources. Finally, the model can be validated and refined using historical data or simulations to ensure its accuracy and effectiveness in predicting utilization levels.
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Which cap model is the company model?
The company model is the "Platform Cap" model. This model involves creating a platform that connects different stakeholders, such as customers, suppliers, and partners, to facilitate transactions and interactions. The company acts as the intermediary, providing the infrastructure and tools for these interactions to take place. This model allows for the company to capture value from the transactions and interactions taking place on the platform.
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A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy
Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are of major importance for the chemical industry.Despite significant progress in predictive methods, experimental VLE data are still indispensable.In this work, we address the need for experimental VLE data.Commonly, the characterization of VLE requires significant experimental effort.To limit the experimental effort, VLE measurements are frequently conducted by synthetic methods which employ samples of known composition and avoid complex analytics and sampling issues.In contrast, analytical methods provide independent information on phase compositions, commonly based on sampling and large amounts of substance. In the first part of this work, we employ a synthetic method, the well-established Cailletet setup, to characterize the high pressure VLE of two promising binary biofuel blends.The Cailletet method serves as a state of the art reference method that enables collecting data of remarkable accuracy.However, extensive infrastructure is needed. In the second part, to avoid extensive infrastructure and overcome limitations of previous methods, we develop a novel analytical milliliter-scale setup for the noninvasive and efficient characterization of VLE: RAMSPEQU (Raman Spectroscopic Phase Equilibrium Characterization).The novel setup saves substance and rapidly characterizes VLE.Sampling and its associated errors are avoided by analyzing phase compositions using Raman spectroscopy.Thereby, volumes of less than 3 ml are sufficient for reliable phase equilibrium measurements.To enable rapid data generation and save substance, we design an integrated workow combining Raman signal calibration and VLE measurement.As a result, RAMSPEQU gives access to up to 15 pT xy-data sets per workday.RAMSPEQU is successfully validated against pure component and binary VLE data from literature. However, mixtures with only two components rarely depict real industrial applications.As the number of experiments increases strongly with a rising number of components, the efficient RAMSPEQU setup seems particularly suited for multicomponent systems.In the third part of this work, we employ the RAMSPEQU setup for the characterization of a quaternary system and its binary subsystems. 22 ml and 105 ml of the binary and quaternary mixtures are sufficient for an extensive VLE characterization. The RAMSPEQU setup and its integrated workow enable the characterization of multicomponent VLE while saving significant amounts of substance and laboratory time.
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Model-making : Materials and Methods
Model-making: Materials and Methods focuses primarily on the wide variety of materials that can be employed to make models; those which have been favoured for a while and those which are relatively new. The book looks at how these materials behave and how to get the best out of them, then illustrates a range of relatively simple methods of building, shaping, modelling, surfacing and painting with them. Useful features of the book include:The different uses of models in various disciplinesThe sequence of making; planning and construction, creating surfaces, painting and finishingMethods of casting, modelling and working with metalsStep-by-step accounts of the making of specially selected examplesSimple techniques without the need for expensive tools or workshop facilitiesA 'Directory' of a full range of materials, together with an extensive list of suppliers
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Complete Suture Practice Kit, Microscopy Vascular Anastomosis Suture Practice Model Training , Does
Complete Suture Practice Kit, Microscopy Vascular Anastomosis Suture Practice Model Training , Does
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Architectural Model Building : Tools, Techniques & Materials
Advances in computer aided design have proven to be an invaluable tool for the architect and designer, yet Frank Gehry still begins his creative process by making "simple" models out of modest materials.Drawings and video, while an essential part of the design process, are still not substitutes for the tactile sensation one receives from a scale model.Drawing on 20 years experience in art and architecture, the author has developed this book on model making as it applies to students and professional of the built environment.It will illustrate a multitude of techniques and the use of a wide variety of materials, providing a solid foundation for students and professionals to create and enjoy three-dimensional model making. Features: -- Organized according to a logical progression, using skills, techniques, and materials which build upon themselves -- Covers 3D fundamentals for interior design, architecture, landscape architecture, furniture design, theatrical design, and retail merchandising -- Chapters follow a logical progression from basic to the most advanced -- Section on "Learning from the Pros" will list common mistakes and how to avoid them -- Relevant safety issues relating to the tools and materials discussed throughout -- Planning considerations such as budget, use of models, scale, and construction techniques -- Display and photographing models for presentation including choosing a viewpoint, background and lighting effects -- Chapter on history of models and/or building systems, materials and construction techniques -- End of chapter assignments/exercises and summary and glossary -- Pre-printed geometric patterns for students to cut out and use to assemble models -- Instructor's Manual includes course outlines and recommended additional projects
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Can someone explain to me the core-shell model and Rutherford's scattering experiment with results and statements about atomic structure, and compare it with the plum pudding model?
The core-shell model, proposed by Ernest Rutherford, suggests that an atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus (the core) surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons (the shell). This model was based on Rutherford's famous scattering experiment, where he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed that some particles were deflected at large angles, indicating a concentrated positive charge at the center of the atom. This experiment led to the conclusion that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus at the center. In contrast, the plum pudding model, proposed by J.J. Thomson, suggested that atoms are composed of a uniform positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, resembling a plum pudding. This model was later disproven by Rutherford's experiment, which showed that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated in a small nucleus rather than being uniformly distributed. Overall, the core-shell model and Rutherford's scattering experiment revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure by
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How can one model a capacity utilization model?
One way to model capacity utilization is to use a simple ratio of actual output to potential output. This can be calculated by dividing the actual level of production by the maximum possible output that could be produced with the available resources. Another approach is to use a production function, which relates the level of output to the inputs used in the production process. By estimating the parameters of the production function, one can analyze how changes in input levels affect capacity utilization. Additionally, econometric techniques such as time series analysis or regression analysis can be used to model capacity utilization based on historical data and other relevant factors.
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Where has photonics gone?
Photonics has advanced and expanded into various industries and applications, including telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, and defense. It has enabled the development of faster and more efficient communication systems, medical imaging technologies, high-precision manufacturing tools, and advanced military equipment. Photonics has also made significant contributions to renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells and LED lighting. Overall, photonics has become an integral part of modern technology and continues to drive innovation in a wide range of fields.
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What do the three models mean: risk factor model, demand-resource model, and biomedical model?
The risk factor model focuses on identifying specific factors that increase the likelihood of developing a particular health condition, such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, or environmental exposures. The demand-resource model emphasizes the balance between the demands placed on an individual and the resources available to meet those demands, with the goal of understanding how this balance affects health outcomes. The biomedical model views health and illness through a strictly biological lens, focusing on the physical processes and mechanisms that underlie disease and the corresponding medical interventions. Each model offers a different perspective on the factors that influence health and illness, and they can be used in combination to provide a more comprehensive understanding of health outcomes.
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