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Physically-Based Models for the Analysis of Raman Spectra
In recent years, spectroscopy has developed into an increasingly valuable tool to determine the composition of mixtures; for scientific questions as well as for the industry.The increasing use of spectroscopy raises the question how to best use the obtained data.For the analysis of spectral data, the method of Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) has been established besides statistical methods like PLS.IHM is a nonlinear method that can therefore efficiently treat nonlinear effects such as peak-shifts.In the present work, the IHM method is expanded to increase its applicability. IHM treats nonlinear effects in the spectral evaluation.Therefore, the direct proportionality between the concentration and the Raman signal of a component can be used for calibration.The resulting linear calibration model allows for reliable extrapolation.Thus, IHM can be used to study reactive systems, even if only binary subsystems can be used for calibration.However, thermodynamic systems with intermediates can so far only be calibrated by using thermodynamic models.In this work, a method is established that calibrates a reactive system with intermediates only based on the reaction mechanism as well as stoichiometry and electroneutrality. Spectral backgrounds, e.g., fluorescence, can be treated by a spectral pretreatment or via background models.However, spectral backgrounds are still a common source of error in IHM.Derivatives have long been used very effectively in statistical methods.Therefore, IHM is adapted so that it becomes possible to evaluate the first derivative of spectra. The calibration of IHM is mostly limited to the relative spectral intensities of the involved components.In the present work, a method is presented that uses the information in the calibration spectra more thoroughly.For this purpose, nonlinear effects are parametrized as a function of concentration. The commonly used peak profiles do not reflect the physical reality at a detector very well.As a result, narrow modelled peaks may change their apparent intensity if they are shifted.To correct these shortcomings, a new peak model is proposed in this work that is more closely aligned to the physical reality of a detector.
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Competition Law : Analysis, Cases, & Materials
This casebook, designed for a readership of graduate students, policy makers, and practitioners in competition law, aims to provide a comprehensive reference on EU and UK competition law.While the majority of the text comprises analysis supplemented with detailed commentary and analysis of judgments, NCA and Commission decisions, and legislation, the casebook also gives a high-level introduction to the design and history of EU and UK competition law, including an overview of the main actors and their objectives, furnishing students with the understanding of the law required to practise competition law.In particular, the casebook takes an interdisciplinary approach to the subject, featuring a substantial section on the economic context of competition law accessible even to those with no economics background.The book is accompanied by specialist volumes on intellectual property and enforcement and procedure.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Thermal Analysis Kinetics for Understanding Materials Behavior
Changing the temperature of a substance can stimulate dramatic changes of its state. These changes can be intermolecular (physical) and intramolecular (chemical) in nature. Physical changes occur without breaking intramolecular bonds, and lead to transitions between the four major phases: gas, liquid, crystal, and glass. Chemical changes are associated with chemical reactions that originate from breaking intramolecular bonds. Phase transitions as well as chemical reactions occur at finite rates. Measuring the rates of processes is the realm of kinetics. The kinetics of thermally stimulated processes is routinely measured using thermal analysis techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Knowing the process rates and their dependence on temperature is of vital importance for understanding the behavior of materials exposed to variations in temperature. In recent years, thermal analysis kinetics has made significant progress by developing computational tools for reliable kinetic analysis. It has also expanded its traditional application area to newly developed nano- and biomaterials. This Special Issue is a series of papers that reflect recent developments in the field and highlight the essential role of thermal analysis kinetics in understanding the processes responsible for the thermal behavior of various materials.
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Is source analysis the same as text analysis?
Source analysis and text analysis are related but not the same. Source analysis involves examining the origin, context, and credibility of a source, while text analysis focuses on interpreting and understanding the content of a text itself. Source analysis helps determine the reliability and bias of a source, while text analysis delves into the meaning, structure, and language used in a text. Both are important in research and critical thinking, but they serve different purposes in analyzing information.
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Is dialog analysis the same as scene analysis?
Dialog analysis and scene analysis are not the same, although they are related. Dialog analysis focuses specifically on the spoken interactions between characters, examining the content, tone, and subtext of the conversations. On the other hand, scene analysis encompasses a broader view of the entire scene, including the setting, actions, and non-verbal communication in addition to the dialog. While dialog analysis is a part of scene analysis, scene analysis includes a more comprehensive examination of all elements within a particular scene.
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What is the analysis of the semen analysis?
The analysis of a semen analysis typically includes evaluating the volume of semen, sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology. The volume of semen provides information about the amount of fluid produced by the male reproductive system. Sperm count measures the number of sperm present in the semen, while sperm motility assesses the movement and speed of the sperm. Sperm morphology examines the shape and structure of the sperm, looking for abnormalities that may affect fertility. Overall, the analysis provides important information about a man's fertility potential and can help identify any potential issues with sperm quality or quantity.
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What is the difference between a textual analysis, a scene analysis, and a narrative analysis?
A textual analysis focuses on the language and structure of a written text, examining the use of literary devices, themes, and symbolism. A scene analysis, on the other hand, zooms in on a specific segment of a film or play, analyzing the visual and auditory elements, character interactions, and the overall impact of the scene on the narrative. Narrative analysis, meanwhile, looks at the broader story structure, character development, and the way the plot unfolds over the course of the entire text. Each type of analysis offers a unique perspective on the text and allows for a deeper understanding of its meaning and impact.
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Food Contact Materials Analysis : Mass Spectrometry Techniques
Mass spectrometric techniques have developed over recent years to offer ever increasing solutions to solving problems in food processing and packaging.Even the smallest amount of contamination in food can cause a problem for food production companies, thus they are keen to find speedy and efficient quality control methods.This book outlines how ingredients and their interrelationship with processing and packaging have developed with the exploitation of mass spectrometry and gives practical protocols to stake holders showing the flexibility of this technique.With huge relevance worldwide, this book will appeal to food packaging scientists and mass spectrometry practitioners alike.
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Advanced Composite Materials and Structures : Modeling and Analysis
This book bridges the gap between theoretical concepts and their implementations, especially for the high-performance structures/components related to advanced composite materials.This work focuses on the prediction of various structural responses such as deformations, natural frequencies etc. of advanced composites under complex environments and/or loading conditions.In addition, it discusses micro-mechanical material modeling of various advanced composite materials that involve different structures ranging from basic to advanced, such as beams, flat and curved panels, shells, skewed, corrugated, and other materials, as well as various solution techniques via analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical approaches. This book:Covers micro-mechanical material modeling of advanced composite materialsDescribes constitutive models of different composite materials and kinematic models of different structural configurationDiscusses pertinent analytical, semi-analytical, and numerical techniquesFocusses on structural responses relating to deformations, natural frequencies, and critical loads under complex environmentsPresents actual demonstrations of theoretical concepts as applied to real examples using Ansys APDL scriptsThis book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in mechanical engineering, material science, material engineering, structural engineering, aerospace engineering, and composite materials.
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Mechanical Behavior of Materials : Fundamentals, Analysis, and Calculations
This textbook supports a range of core courses in undergraduate materials and mechanical engineering curricula given at leading universities globally.It presents fundamentals and quantitative analysis of mechanical behavior of materials covering engineering mechanics and materials, deformation behavior, fracture mechanics, and failure design.This book provides a holistic understanding of mechanical behavior of materials, and enables critical thinking through mathematical modeling and problem solving.Each of the 15 chapters first introduces readers to the technologic importance of the topic and provides basic concepts with diagrammatic illustrations; and then its engineering analysis/mathematical modelling along with calculations are presented.Featuring 200 end-of-chapter calculations/worked examples, 120 diagrams, 260 equations on mechanics and materials, the text is ideal for students of mechanical, materials, structural, civil, and aerospace engineering.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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What is the difference between Analysis and Higher Analysis?
Analysis is the branch of mathematics that deals with limits, continuity, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series. It is a fundamental area of mathematics that is essential for understanding calculus and other advanced mathematical concepts. Higher Analysis, on the other hand, refers to more advanced topics within the field of analysis, such as functional analysis, complex analysis, and harmonic analysis. These areas delve deeper into the study of functions, spaces, and structures, and often involve more abstract and complex mathematical techniques.
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Is source analysis the same as factual text analysis?
Source analysis and factual text analysis are related but not the same. Source analysis involves evaluating the credibility, bias, and perspective of the source of information, while factual text analysis focuses on examining the content of the text for accuracy and reliability of the information presented. Source analysis helps determine the trustworthiness of the information, while factual text analysis assesses the content itself. Both are important in critically evaluating information, but they involve different aspects of analysis.
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What is the difference between Analysis and Advanced Analysis?
Analysis typically involves examining data or information to understand its components, structure, and meaning. Advanced Analysis, on the other hand, involves a more in-depth and complex examination of data using sophisticated techniques and tools. It often requires a higher level of expertise and specialized knowledge to uncover deeper insights, patterns, and trends that may not be easily visible through traditional analysis methods. Advanced Analysis may also involve predictive modeling, machine learning, or other advanced statistical techniques to extract valuable insights from data.
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What is functional analysis and level analysis in music?
Functional analysis in music refers to the study of how different musical elements such as harmony, melody, rhythm, and form work together to create a cohesive and expressive musical structure. It involves analyzing the function of each element within a piece of music and how they contribute to the overall musical meaning and emotional impact. Level analysis, on the other hand, involves examining the different hierarchical levels of musical structure, such as the phrase, section, movement, and entire composition. It focuses on understanding how these levels interact and contribute to the overall organization and coherence of the music. Both functional analysis and level analysis are important tools for music scholars and performers to understand the inner workings of a piece of music and to interpret and perform it effectively.
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