Products related to Sentencing:
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Sentencing without Guidelines
Sentencing matters. Reform initiatives hope to impart more uniformity and fairness in sentencing.Tough-on-crime laws like “three strikes” and mandatory minimum provisions deprive judges of sentencing discretion.While sentencing guidelines have been adopted by approximately 20 states since the early 1980s, many judges operate without guidelines. Sentencing without Guidelines is Rhys Hester’s deep dive into how South Carolina, which never passed sentencing guideline legislation, nonetheless created meaningful punishment reform.It achieved uniformity in sentencing with a traveling circuit of judges, informal norms among judges, and the unique phenomenon of the “Plea Judge” to manage cases. Hester examines how prior convictions, race, and geographical differences impact sentences to explain why individuals get the criminal sentences they do.He also explores how legal reform mechanisms can influence punishment goals and policy.Sentencing without Guidelines shows the benefits and drawbacks South Carolina experienced as it met sentencing reform goals.These lessons can be translated into policy for other jurisdictions.
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Federal Sentencing Guidelines Manual; 2021-2022 Edition : With inside-cover quick-reference sentencing table
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines are rules that set out a uniform sentencing policy for individuals and organizations convicted of felonies and serious (Class A) misdemeanors in the United States federal courts system. This 2021-2022 Edition includes all amendments to the Guidelines through November 1, 2021. Also includes the sentencing table on the inside covers for quick reference.An excellent quick-reference manual for the federal criminal-law attorney.
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Thomas' Sentencing Referencer 2021
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Sentencing and Punishment
Examining the theory behind the headlines and engaging with current debates, this new edition provides thoughtful, impartial, and unbiased coverage of sentencing and punishment in the UK.Collectively, Susan Easton and Christine Piper are highly experienced teachers and researchers in this field, making them perfectly placed to deliver this lively account of a highly dynamic subject area. The book takes a thorough and systematic approach to sentencing and punishment, examining key topics from legal, philosophical, and practical perspectives.Offering in-depth and detailed coverage, while remaining clear and succinct, the authors deliver a balanced approach to the subject.Chapter summaries, discussion questions, and case studies help students to engage with the subject, apply their knowledge, and reflect upon debates. Fully reworked and restructured, this fifth edition has been updated to include developments such as the Sentencing Act 2020 and changes following the 2019 general election.This is the essential guide for anyone studying sentencing and punishment as part of a law or criminology course.
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Why is the possibility of mistakenly sentencing an innocent person to death not considered sufficiently plausible in some countries to abolish the death penalty?
In some countries, the possibility of mistakenly sentencing an innocent person to death is not considered sufficiently plausible to abolish the death penalty due to a belief in the infallibility of the justice system. Some proponents of the death penalty argue that with advancements in forensic science and the appeals process, the risk of wrongful convictions is minimal. Additionally, there may be a strong emphasis on the perceived deterrent effect of the death penalty, leading some to prioritize its potential benefits over the risk of wrongful executions. Cultural and historical factors may also play a role in shaping attitudes towards the death penalty in some countries.
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Where has photonics gone?
Photonics has advanced and expanded into various industries and applications, including telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, and defense. It has enabled the development of faster and more efficient communication systems, medical imaging technologies, high-precision manufacturing tools, and advanced military equipment. Photonics has also made significant contributions to renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells and LED lighting. Overall, photonics has become an integral part of modern technology and continues to drive innovation in a wide range of fields.
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How advanced is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field that involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, which is on the order of billionths of a meter. It has already led to significant advancements in various industries, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Researchers are continually developing new techniques and applications for nanotechnology, such as targeted drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and nanomaterials with unique properties. While nanotechnology is still in its early stages, it holds great promise for revolutionizing many aspects of our lives in the future.
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What is NMR spectroscopy?
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. It provides detailed information about the chemical environment, connectivity, and conformation of atoms within a molecule. By measuring the interactions of atomic nuclei with a magnetic field, NMR spectroscopy can elucidate the molecular structure of organic compounds, proteins, and other biomolecules. This technique is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, and structural biology for research and drug discovery purposes.
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Criminal Procedure and Sentencing
Criminal Procedure and Sentencing provides a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to each step of criminal procedure, from the arrest of the suspect through to trial, sentencing, and appeals.Taking a strong practical focus throughout, it covers all aspects of the process of the criminal courts. The tenth edition has been fully revised and significantly expanded, with updates including: key recent case law, new legislation including the Sentencing Act 2020, the Judicial Review and Courts Act 2022, and the Police, Crime and Sentencing Act 2022, as well as the latest Criminal Procedure Rules and the new Criminal Practice Directions.Online support material will offer readers access to regular updates to the law and a comprehensive set of web links, as well as advice on additional reading and research for those seeking to engage in critical evaluation of the criminal justice system. The author’s authoritative yet engaging writing style brings the subject to life and helps to explain complex issues in an easy-to-understand way.This is an ideal text for anyone studying the criminal justice system at a professional or academic level.
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Sentencing and Criminal Justice
This revised and updated new edition focuses on major developments in sentencing law, practice and theory.Sentencing in England and Wales is now dominated by Sentencing Council guidelines, and scrutiny of those guidelines is central to this book.Issues of principle are identified and discussed, to include the constitutional position of the Sentencing Council; the meaning of, and challenges to, proportionality; and the sentencing of BAME offenders and women offenders. The book welcomes the new Sentencing Code, introduced as the Sentencing Act 2020, and critically examines the government’s plans for sentencing reform, set out in the 2020 White Paper A Smarter Approach to Sentencing. Throughout the book, sentencing is explored in its wider criminal justice context – making it essential reading for courses on sentencing, criminal justice and criminal law.
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Proportionate Sentencing : Exploring the Principles
The principle that a sentence should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence remains at the centre of penal practice and scholarly debate.This volume explores highly topical aspects of proportionality theory that require examination and further analysis. von Hirsch and Ashworth explore the relevance of the principle of proportionality to the sentencing of young offenders, the possible reasons for departing from the principle when sentencing dangerous offenders, and the application of the principle to socially deprived offenders.They examine the claim that the principle tends to be associated with greater severity in sentencing, and explore the relevance of penance and of restorative justice to proportionality theory.Their examination of arguments and counter-arguments culminates in a re-statement of the main criteria for proportionate sentencing. The authors are well known for their previous writings on proportionality theory, and this volume broadens the theory to deal with important contemporary issues in crime and punishment.
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Punishment and Sentencing : A Rational Approach
First published in 2001, Punishment and Sentencing provides a way of introducing principle into sentencing.This is done by bridging the gap between the philosophical justification for punishment and sentencing law and practice.In terms of the interests it deals with, sentencing is the most important area of law.Ironically it is also arguably the least coherent. Nearly three decades ago sentencing was described as a wasteland in the law.Unfortunately, little has changed in that time. Sentencing decisions are often made in accordance with the idiosyncratic sentiments of sentencers, rather than on the basis of binding rules and principles. Part A of the book provides an overview of current sentencing law and practice.Part B critically examines the main contemporary theories of punishment.Part C discusses the implications that this has for the sentencing process.It is a useful text for students of criminology law and philosophy courses, as well as a valuable resource for criminal law practitioners.
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How is spectroscopy applied?
Spectroscopy is applied in various fields such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, and environmental science. In chemistry, it is used to identify and analyze the chemical composition of substances. In physics, it is used to study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In astronomy, it is used to determine the composition, temperature, and motion of celestial objects. In environmental science, it is used to monitor air and water quality by analyzing the presence of pollutants. Overall, spectroscopy is a versatile tool for analyzing the properties of different materials and substances.
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Is it possible to create new materials through lower dimensional levels by using femtotechnology instead of nanotechnology?
Femtotechnology operates at the scale of femtometers (10^-15 meters), which is smaller than the scale of nanotechnology (10^-9 meters). At this scale, it is theoretically possible to manipulate individual atomic nuclei and electrons to create entirely new materials with unique properties. By harnessing the power of femtotechnology, scientists may be able to engineer materials with unprecedented strength, conductivity, and other desirable characteristics. However, femtotechnology is still largely theoretical and has not yet been realized in practical applications, so its potential for creating new materials through lower dimensional levels remains speculative.
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Why is Rutherford's scattering experiment called a scattering experiment at all?
Rutherford's experiment is called a scattering experiment because it involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing how they scattered after hitting the foil. The term "scattering" refers to the process of particles being deflected from their original path as a result of collisions with the atoms in the foil. By analyzing the pattern of scattering, Rutherford was able to deduce the structure of the atom and propose the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center. This experiment was crucial in advancing our understanding of atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.
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What are the arguments against nanotechnology?
Some arguments against nanotechnology include concerns about potential health and environmental risks, such as the unknown effects of nanoparticles on living organisms and ecosystems. There are also ethical concerns related to the potential misuse of nanotechnology for military purposes or surveillance. Additionally, there are worries about the unequal distribution of benefits and risks, with some groups potentially being disproportionately affected by the consequences of nanotechnology development.
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