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Ultrafast Spectroscopy : Quantum information and wavepackets
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Scattering Amplitudes in Quantum Field Theory
This open access book bridges a gap between introductory Quantum Field Theory (QFT) courses and state-of-the-art research in scattering amplitudes.It covers the path from basic definitions of QFT to amplitudes, which are relevant for processes in the Standard Model of particle physics.The book begins with a concise yet self-contained introduction to QFT, including perturbative quantum gravity.It then presents modern methods for calculating scattering amplitudes, focusing on tree-level amplitudes, loop-level integrands and loop integration techniques.These methods help to reveal intriguing relations between gauge and gravity amplitudes and are of increasing importance for obtaining high-precision predictions for collider experiments, such as those at the Large Hadron Collider, as well as for foundational mathematical physics studies in QFT, including recent applications to gravitational wave physics.These course-tested lecture notes include numerous exercises with solutions.Requiring only minimal knowledge of QFT, they are well-suited for MSc and PhD students as a preparation for research projects in theoretical particle physics.They can be used as a one-semester graduate level course, or as a self-study guide for researchers interested in fundamental aspects of quantum field theory.
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Introductory Quantum Optics
This established textbook provides an accessible but comprehensive introduction to the quantum nature of light and its interaction with matter.The field of quantum optics is covered with clarity and depth, from the underlying theoretical framework of field quantization, atom–field interactions, and quantum coherence theory, to important and modern applications at the forefront of current research such as quantum interferometry, squeezed light, quantum entanglement, cavity quantum electrodynamics, laser-cooled trapped ions, and quantum information processing.The text is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and would be an ideal main text for a course on quantum optics.This long-awaited second edition builds upon the success of the first edition, including many new developments in the field, particularly in the area of quantum state engineering.Additional homework problems have been added, and content from the first edition has been updated and clarified throughout.
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An Introduction to Quantum Optics and Quantum Fluctuations
This is an introduction to the quantum theory of light and its broad implications and applications.A significant part of the book covers material with direct relevance to current basic and applied research, such as quantum fluctuations and their role in laser physics and the theory of forces between macroscopic bodies (Casimir effects).The book includes numerous historical sidelights throughout, and approximately seventy exercises. The book provides detailed expositions of the theory with emphasis on general physical principles.Foundational topics in classical and quantum electrodynamics are addressed in the first half of the book, including the semiclassical theory of atom-field interactions, the quantization of the electromagnetic field in dispersive and dissipative media, uncertainty relations, and spontaneous emission.The second half begins with a chapter on the Jaynes-Cummings model, dressed states, and some distinctly quantum-mechanical features of atom-field interactions, and includes discussion of entanglement, the no-cloning theorem, von Neumann's proof concerning hidden variable theories, Bell's theorem, and tests of Bell inequalities.The last two chapters focus on quantum fluctuations and fluctuation-dissipation relations, beginning with Brownian motion, the Fokker-Planck equation, and classical and quantum Langevin equations.Detailed calculations are presented for the laser linewidth, spontaneous emission noise, photon statistics of linear amplifiers and attenuators, and other phenomena.Van der Waals interactions, Casimir forces, the Lifshitz theory of molecular forces between macroscopic media, and the many-body theory of such forces based on dyadic Green functions are analyzed from the perspective of Langevin noise, vacuum field fluctuations, and zero-point energy.
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Is quantum mechanics a subfield of quantum physics?
Yes, quantum mechanics is a subfield of quantum physics. Quantum physics is a broad field that encompasses the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the quantum level, while quantum mechanics specifically focuses on the mathematical framework and principles that describe the behavior of particles and waves at the quantum level. Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory within the broader field of quantum physics, providing the foundation for understanding the behavior of particles and systems at the quantum scale.
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What is the difference between quantum physics and quantum mechanics?
Quantum physics is a broad field of study that encompasses the fundamental principles and phenomena of the quantum world, including the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, is a specific branch of physics that focuses on the mathematical framework and formalism used to describe the behavior of particles at the quantum level. In other words, quantum physics is the broader study of the quantum world, while quantum mechanics is the specific set of principles and mathematical tools used to understand and describe it.
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What is the difference between quantum mechanics and quantum physics?
Quantum mechanics and quantum physics are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference between the two terms. Quantum mechanics is a specific branch of physics that deals with the mathematical description of the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic levels. On the other hand, quantum physics is a broader term that encompasses the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the quantum level, including quantum mechanics as well as other related fields such as quantum field theory and quantum electrodynamics. In essence, quantum mechanics is a subset of quantum physics, focusing specifically on the mathematical framework for understanding the behavior of particles at the quantum level.
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Is there a difference between quantum physics and quantum mechanics?
Quantum physics and quantum mechanics are often used interchangeably, but there is a subtle difference between the two. Quantum physics is a broader field that encompasses the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the quantum level, including quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, specifically refers to the mathematical framework and principles that describe the behavior of particles at the quantum level. In essence, quantum mechanics is a subset of quantum physics, focusing on the mathematical and theoretical aspects of quantum phenomena.
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Quantum Information and Quantum Optics with Superconducting Circuits
Superconducting quantum circuits are among the most promising solutions for the development of scalable quantum computers.Built with sizes that range from microns to tens of metres using superconducting fabrication techniques and microwave technology, superconducting circuits demonstrate distinctive quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement at cryogenic temperatures.This book provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to the world of superconducting quantum circuits, and how they are used in current quantum technology.Beginning with a description of their basic superconducting properties, the author then explores their use in quantum systems, showing how they can emulate individual photons and atoms, and ultimately behave as qubits within highly connected quantum systems.Particular attention is paid to cutting-edge applications of these superconducting circuits in quantum computing and quantum simulation.Written for graduate students and junior researchers, this accessible text includes numerous homework problems and worked examples.
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Quantum Theory of Materials
This accessible new text introduces the theoretical concepts and tools essential for graduate-level courses on the physics of materials in condensed matter physics, physical chemistry, materials science and engineering, and chemical engineering.Topics covered range from fundamentals such as crystal periodicity and symmetry, and derivation of single-particle equations, to modern additions including graphene, two-dimensional solids, carbon nanotubes, topological states, and Hall physics.Advanced topics such as phonon interactions with phonons, photons and electrons, and magnetism, are presented in an accessible way, and a set of appendices reviewing crucial fundamental physics and mathematical tools makes this text suitable for students from a range of backgrounds.Students will benefit from the emphasis on translating theory into practice, with worked examples explaining experimental observations, applications illustrating how theoretical concepts can be applied to real research problems, and 242 informative full color illustrations.End-of chapter exercises are included for homework and self-study, with solutions and lecture slides for instructors available online.
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Optical Coherence and Quantum Optics
This book presents a systematic account of optical coherence theory within the framework of classical optics, as applied to such topics as radiation from sources of different states of coherence, foundations of radiometry, effects of source coherence on the spectra of radiated fields, coherence theory of laser modes, and scattering of partially coherent light by random media.The book starts with a full mathematical introduction to the subject area and each chapter concludes with a set of exercises.The authors are renowned scientists and have made substantial contributions to many of the topics treated in the book.Much of the book is based on courses given by them at universities, scientific meetings and laboratories throughout the world.This book will undoubtedly become an indispensable aid to scientists and engineers concerned with modern optics, as well as to teachers and graduate students of physics and engineering.
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Getting Started in Quantum Optics
This book, based on classroom-tested lecture notes, provides a self-contained one semester undergraduate course on quantum optics, accessible to students (and other readers) who have completed an introductory quantum mechanics course and are familiar with Dirac notation and the concept of entanglement.The book covers canonical quantization, the harmonic oscillator, vacuum fluctuations, Fock states, the single photon state, quantum optical treatment of the beam splitter and the interferometer, multimode quantized light, and coherent and incoherent states.Metrology is a particular area of emphasis, with the book culminating in a treatment of squeezed light and its use in the laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO).The Heisenberg limit is described, along with NOON states and their application in super-sensitivity, super-resolution and quantum lithography.Applications of entanglement and coincidence measurements are described including ghost imaging, quantum illumination, absolute photodetector calibration, and interaction-free measurement.With quantum optics playing a central role in the so-called “second quantum revolution,” this book, equipped with plenty of exercises and worked examples, will leave students well prepared to enter graduate study or industry.
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What is quantum entanglement?
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon in quantum physics where two or more particles become connected in such a way that the state of one particle is dependent on the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them. This means that measuring the state of one particle instantly determines the state of the other, even if they are light-years apart. This mysterious connection defies classical physics and has been described by Albert Einstein as "spooky action at a distance." Quantum entanglement is a key principle in quantum mechanics and has potential applications in quantum computing and cryptography.
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What is quantum philosophy?
Quantum philosophy is a branch of philosophy that explores the implications of quantum theory for our understanding of reality, knowledge, and consciousness. It examines how the principles of quantum mechanics challenge traditional philosophical concepts such as causality, determinism, and objectivity. Quantum philosophy also delves into the nature of observation and measurement, as well as the relationship between the observer and the observed. Overall, quantum philosophy seeks to bridge the gap between the physical world described by quantum mechanics and our philosophical understanding of reality.
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What are quantum energies?
Quantum energies refer to the energy levels associated with the behavior of particles at the quantum level. In quantum mechanics, particles such as electrons can exist in discrete energy states, and the energy of these states is quantized, meaning it can only take on certain specific values. These energy levels play a crucial role in determining the behavior and properties of particles at the quantum scale, and are fundamental to understanding the behavior of atoms and molecules. Quantum energies are also important in fields such as quantum computing and quantum cryptography.
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What are quantum fields?
Quantum fields are fundamental entities in quantum field theory that describe the behavior of particles and forces in the universe. They are fields that permeate all of space and time, and their interactions give rise to the fundamental forces of nature, such as electromagnetism and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Quantum fields are characterized by their quantum nature, meaning that they can fluctuate and create and destroy particles in accordance with the principles of quantum mechanics. These fields are essential for understanding the behavior of particles at the smallest scales and are a key component of our current understanding of the fundamental forces and particles in the universe.
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