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His Dark Materials and Philosophy
The new TV series, His Dark Materials, is based on the series of novels by Philip Pullman, depicting a young girl’s adventures in an imaginary world with similarities and dissimilarities to our own. The story tells of world domination by a religious body, the Magisterium, with malevolent intentions, serving a really existing God who is evil and who can be killed. The story, in all its manifestations, as novels, movies, and television shows, has received fierce criticism from religious organizations, especially because its criticisms of religion are aimed primarily at children. While the story is a thrilling adventure yarn, enjoyed by millions of children and grownups alike, it raises many philosophical issues. In the world of His Dark Materials (or one of its many worlds) humans have an animal companion to which they are emotionally linked and which is like an external ‘soul’. This provokes questions about the human personality and the way we think of humans as having bodies, minds, and maybe also souls. Human psychology can be analyzed by psychoanalysis and other theories, some of which are explored in His Dark Materials and Philosophy. Questions of social and political philosophy are also prompted by the story of His Dark Materials. The malignant Magisterium has similarities with the various churches and other religious organizations which have wielded tremendous power both politically and culturally, throughout human history. The relation of the Magisterium to the mysterious “dust” which pervades the universe helps us to understand the relationship of science, religion, and metaphysics. Ever since Friedrich Nietzsche proclaimed that “God is dead,” the question of what Nietzsche meant and what are the consequences of the death of God has agitated many thinkers, and so the story in which God is actually killed enables a closer look at the death of God. A popular theme in philosophy and in modern fantasy stories, is that of possible worlds, including how possible worlds relate to parallel worlds. His Dark Materials has many alternative worlds (one of which happens to be our own) and is filled with rich materials for discussion of these questions. His Dark Materials is a good example of a good story, and therefore provides materials for the branch of philosophy called aesthetics, especially the aesthetics of storytelling. We can learn what makes a good story from thinking about specific stories such as His Dark Materials. One chapter looks at the existentialist implications of the story, another at the feminist implications, and another at the Marxist interpretation. Other chapters focus on specific aspects of metaphysics and epistemology, as well as controversial topics in ethics and philosophy of religion.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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The Philosophy of Philosophy
The Philosophy of Philosophy The Blackwell / Brown Lectures in Philosophy The Philosophy of Philosophy presents an original, unified concept of philosophy as a non-natural science.In this provocative work, distinguished philosopher Timothy Williamson challenges widely-held assumptions and clarifies long-standing misconceptions about the methodology and nature of philosophical inquiry.The author rejects the standard narratives of contemporary philosophy developed from naturalism, the linguistic turn, postmodern irony, and other prominent trends of the twentieth century.Viewing the method of philosophy as evolving from non-philosophical pursuits, Williamson provides readers with fresh insight into the “self-image” of philosophy and offers new ways of understanding what philosophy is and how it actually works.Now in its second edition, this landmark volume comprises the original book and the author’s subsequent work.New topics include the recent history of analytic philosophy, assessments of experimental philosophy, theories of concepts and understanding, Wittgensteinian approaches, popular philosophy, naturalism, morally-loaded examples in philosophy, philosophical applications of scientific methods, and many more.This edition features the author’s latest thoughts on a variety of issues, autobiographical reflections, and replies to critics.The Philosophy of Philosophy, Second Edition remains essential reading for philosophers, scholars, graduate and advanced undergraduate students in philosophy, and other readers with a sustained interest in the method and rationale of the doing of philosophy.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Philosophy books
Philosophy books are written works that explore fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. These books often delve into complex ideas and theories, challenging readers to think critically and deeply about the nature of reality and human experience. Philosophy books can cover a wide range of topics, from ethics and metaphysics to political philosophy and aesthetics, providing readers with a deeper understanding of the world and their place in it. Reading philosophy books can be both intellectually stimulating and personally enriching, encouraging readers to question their beliefs and engage in thoughtful reflection.
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'Philosophy Germany'
Philosophy in Germany has a rich and diverse history, with influential thinkers such as Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Martin Heidegger hailing from the country. German philosophy has made significant contributions to various fields, including metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology. The tradition of German philosophy is known for its rigorous analytical approach and its exploration of complex philosophical concepts. Overall, Germany has been a key center for philosophical thought and continues to be a hub for philosophical inquiry and debate.
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Psychology or philosophy?
It ultimately depends on individual interests and career goals. Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, focusing on understanding human behavior and mental processes. Philosophy, on the other hand, is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Both fields offer unique perspectives and opportunities for personal and intellectual growth. It is important to consider which field aligns more closely with your interests and goals to make an informed decision.
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What is philosophy?
Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. It seeks to understand the nature of reality and our place in it by critically examining concepts and beliefs. Philosophers use logic and reasoning to analyze and evaluate arguments, leading to a deeper understanding of the world and our place in it. Philosophy encompasses a wide range of topics and approaches, making it a diverse and dynamic field of inquiry.
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Early Greek Philosophy, Volume I : Introductory and Reference Materials
A major new edition of the so-called Presocratics. The fragments and testimonia of the early Greek philosophers (often labeled the ‘Presocratics’) have always been not only a fundamental source for understanding archaic Greek culture and ancient philosophy but also a perennially fresh resource that has stimulated Western thought until the present day.This new systematic conception and presentation of the evidence differs in three ways from Hermann Diels’s groundbreaking work, as well as from later editions: it renders explicit the material’s thematic organization; it includes a selection from such related bodies of evidence as archaic poetry, classical drama, and the Hippocratic corpus; and it presents an overview of the reception of these thinkers until the end of antiquity. Volume I contains introductory and reference materials essential for using all other parts of the edition. Volume II presents preliminary chapters on ancient doxography, the cosmological and moral background, and includes the early Ionian thinkers Pherecydes, Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. Volume III includes the early Ionian thinkers Xenophanes and Heraclitus. Volume IV presents Pythagoras and the Pythagorean School, including Hippasus, Philolaus, Eurytus, Archytas, Hicetas, and Ecphantus, along with chapters on doctrines not attributed by name and reception. Volume V includes the western Greek thinkers Parmenides, Zeno, Melissus, Empedocles, Alcmaeon, and Hippo. Volume Vi includes the later Ionian and Athenian thinkers Anaxagoras, Archelaus, and Diogenes of Apollonia, along with chapters on early Greek medicine and the Derveni Papyrus. Volume VII includes the atomists Leucippus and Democritus. Volume VIII includes the so-called sophists Protagoras, Gorgias, Prodicus, Thrasymachus, and Hippias, along with testimonia relating to the life, views, and argumentative style of Socrates. Volume IX includes the so-called sophists Antiphon, Lycophron, and Xeniades, along with the Anonymous of Iamblichus, the Dissoi Logoi, a chapter on characterizations of the ‘sophists’ as a group, and an appendix on philosophy and philosophers in Greek drama.
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Analytic Philosophy and History of Philosophy
Philosophy written in English is overwhelmingly analytic philosophy, and the techniques and predilections of analytic philosophy are not only unhistorical but anti-historical, and hostile to textual commentary.Analytic usually aspires to a very high degree of clarity and precision of formulation and argument, and it often seeks to be informed by, and consistent with, current natural science.In an earlier era, analytic philosophy aimed at agreement with ordinary linguistic intuitions or common sense beliefs, or both.All of these aspects of the subject sit uneasily with the use of historical texts for philosophical illumination. How, then, can substantial history of philosophy find a place in analytic philosophy?If history of philosophy includes the respectful, intelligent use of writings from the past to address problems that are being debated in the current philosophical journals, then history of philosophy may well belong to analytic philosophy.But if history of philosophy is more than this; if it is concerned with interpreting and reinterpreting a certain canon, or perhaps making a case for extending this canon, its connection with analytic philosophy is less clear.More obscure still is the connection between analytic philosophy and a kind of history of philosophy that is unapologetically antiquarian.This is the kind of history of philosophy that emphasises the status of a philosophical text as one document among others from a faraway intellectual world, and that tries to acquaint us with that world in order to produce understanding of the document. In this book, ten distinguished historians of philosophy, mostly trained in the analytic tradition, explore the tensions between, and the possibilities of reconciling, analytic philosophy and history of philosophy.
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History of Philosophy Volume 2 : Medieval Philosophy
Copleston, in the second volume of A History of Philosophy, deals with the reconciliation of philosophy and theology of the early Christian period to the thirteenth century. Frederick Copleston was Professor of the History of Philosophy and Dean of the Faculty of Theology at London University.This eleven-volume work is one of the most remarkable single-handed scholarly enterprises of modern times.Volume 2 covers Anselm of Canterbury, Thomas Aquinas, Augustine of Hippo, Averroes, Avicenna, Boethius, Bonaventure, Maimonides and Duns Scotus. The book covers the Patristic period, including the work of Augustine, and then considers the Carolingian renaissance, Islamic and Jewish philosophy, before finally going into extensive detail on the thought of Aquinas and Scotus. Brimming with detail and enthusiasm, A History of Philosophy gives an accessible account of philosophers from all eras and explains their works in relation to other philosophers.Each volume is an ideal guide for students studying specific eras and as a set offers a complete and unrivalled overview of the entire western philosophical tradition.
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History of Philosophy Volume 10 : Russian Philosophy
This addition to Copleston’s covers Russian thought from the eighteenth century to Lenin and the post-Stalin period. Frederick Copleston was Professor of the History of Philosophy and Dean of the Faculty of Theology at London University.This eleven-volume work is one of the most remarkable single-handed scholarly enterprises of modern times.Volume 10 covers Mikhail Bakunin, Nikolai Bukharin, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Alexander Herzen, Vladimir Lenin, George Plekhanov and Leo Tolstoy. In the course of tracing the evolution of philosophical thought in Russia from the time of Catherine the Great into the present century, the author devotes careful analysis to radical thinkers, Marxists and the relevant ideas of the great Russian writers.He also includes a discussion on Russian thinkers in exile. Brimming with detail and enthusiasm, A History of Philosophy gives an accessible account of philosophers from all eras and explains their works in relation to other philosophers.Each volume is an ideal guide for students studying specific eras and as a set offers a complete and unrivalled overview of the entire western philosophical tradition.
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Is philosophy useless?
No, philosophy is not useless. Philosophy helps us to critically analyze and understand complex ideas, ethical dilemmas, and the nature of reality. It also encourages us to question assumptions and think deeply about the world around us. Philosophy has practical applications in fields such as ethics, law, and science, and it enriches our lives by helping us to develop a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world.
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Does philosophy promote intelligence?
Philosophy can promote intelligence by encouraging critical thinking, logical reasoning, and the ability to analyze complex ideas. Engaging with philosophical concepts and debates can also broaden one's perspective and deepen their understanding of the world. However, intelligence is a multifaceted trait that encompasses various cognitive abilities, and while philosophy can certainly contribute to intellectual development, it is not the sole determinant of intelligence.
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Can philosophy be compared?
Philosophy can be compared in terms of different philosophical theories, concepts, and arguments. Philosophers often engage in comparing and contrasting various philosophical ideas to better understand their implications and applications. However, it is important to note that philosophy is a diverse and complex field, and comparisons should be done with care and nuance to fully appreciate the depth and breadth of philosophical thought. Ultimately, comparing philosophy can lead to a deeper understanding and appreciation of the different perspectives and approaches within the discipline.
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What is quantum philosophy?
Quantum philosophy is a branch of philosophy that explores the implications of quantum theory for our understanding of reality, knowledge, and consciousness. It examines how the principles of quantum mechanics challenge traditional philosophical concepts such as causality, determinism, and objectivity. Quantum philosophy also delves into the nature of observation and measurement, as well as the relationship between the observer and the observed. Overall, quantum philosophy seeks to bridge the gap between the physical world described by quantum mechanics and our philosophical understanding of reality.
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