Products related to Noncompliance:
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The Nature and Impacts of Noncompliance
Over 2 billion people (61% of the world’s employed population) work in the informal economy.Due to its pervasiveness, informality plays a major role in understanding a wide swath of ideas, such as development, work, employment, governance, and growth.Its scope, nonetheless, goes far beyond economic definitions and political agendas.As the book argues, at the root of informality lies another comprehensive, yet generally unnoticed—or at best improperly treated—phenomenon: that of noncompliance with the law.Whilst it is true that much attention has been paid to the economic aspect over the past 5 decades, the same cannot be said about the legal aspect, which is one of its constitutive features.This book takes the first steps in this direction. The book provides an account of the phenomenon’s legal nature through the lens of a case study on street vendors in Brazil, focusing on what can be conceived as noncompliance and by which forms noncompliant behaviour can be assessed.It goes on to set out the most striking impacts of noncompliance; specifically, what happens with the legal system when noncompliance becomes pervasive. The Nature and Impacts of Noncompliance was awarded The European Award for Legal Theory 2022 from the European Academy of Legal Theory (EALT), Prêmio Abrafi de Teses 2022 from the Brazilian Association for Philosophy of Law and Sociology of Law (Abrafi), and the 2024 RCSL-ISA Adam Podgórecki Prize.
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The Nature and Impacts of Noncompliance
Over 2 billion people (61% of the world’s employed population) work in the informal economy.Due to its pervasiveness, informality plays a major role in understanding a wide swath of ideas, such as development, work, employment, governance, and growth.Its scope, nonetheless, goes far beyond economic definitions and political agendas.As the book argues, at the root of informality lies another comprehensive, yet generally unnoticed—or at best improperly treated—phenomenon: that of noncompliance with the law.Whilst it is true that much attention has been paid to the economic aspect over the past 5 decades, the same cannot be said about the legal aspect, which is one of its constitutive features.This book takes the first steps in this direction. The book provides an account of the phenomenon’s legal nature through the lens of a case study on street vendors in Brazil, focusing on what can be conceived as noncompliance and by which forms noncompliant behaviour can be assessed.It goes on to set out the most striking impacts of noncompliance; specifically, what happens with the legal system when noncompliance becomes pervasive. The Nature and Impacts of Noncompliance was awarded The European Award for Legal Theory 2022 from the European Academy of Legal Theory (EALT), Prêmio Abrafi de Teses 2022 from the Brazilian Association for Philosophy of Law and Sociology of Law (Abrafi), and the 2024 RCSL-ISA Adam Podgórecki Prize.
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Why Noncompliance : The Politics of Law in the European Union
Why Noncompliance traces the history of noncompliance within the European Union (EU), focusing on which states continuously do or do not follow EU Law, why, and how that affects the governance in the EU and beyond. In exploring the EU's long and varied history of noncompliance, Tanja A.Börzel takes a close look at the diverse groups of noncompliant states throughout the EU's existence.Why do states that are vocally critical of the EU have a better record of compliance than those that support the EU?Why has noncompliance been declining since the 1990s, even though the EU was adding member-states and numerous laws?Börzel debunks conventional wisdoms in EU compliance research, showing that noncompliance in the EU is not caused by the new Central and Eastern European member states, nor by the Eurosceptic member states.So why do these states take the brunt of Europe's misplaced ire?Why Noncompliance introduces politicization as an explanatory factor that has been long overlooked in the literature and scholarship surrounding the European Union.Börzel argues that political controversy combined with voting power and administrative capacity, explains why noncompliance with EU law has been declining since the completion of the Single Market, cannot be blamed on the EU's Central and Easter European member states, and is concentrated in areas where EU seeks to protect citizen rights. Thanks to generous funding from Freie Universitat Berlin, the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.
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Where has photonics gone?
Photonics has advanced and expanded into various industries and applications, including telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, and defense. It has enabled the development of faster and more efficient communication systems, medical imaging technologies, high-precision manufacturing tools, and advanced military equipment. Photonics has also made significant contributions to renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells and LED lighting. Overall, photonics has become an integral part of modern technology and continues to drive innovation in a wide range of fields.
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How advanced is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field that involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, which is on the order of billionths of a meter. It has already led to significant advancements in various industries, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Researchers are continually developing new techniques and applications for nanotechnology, such as targeted drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and nanomaterials with unique properties. While nanotechnology is still in its early stages, it holds great promise for revolutionizing many aspects of our lives in the future.
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What is NMR spectroscopy?
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. It provides detailed information about the chemical environment, connectivity, and conformation of atoms within a molecule. By measuring the interactions of atomic nuclei with a magnetic field, NMR spectroscopy can elucidate the molecular structure of organic compounds, proteins, and other biomolecules. This technique is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, and structural biology for research and drug discovery purposes.
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How is spectroscopy applied?
Spectroscopy is applied in various fields such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, and environmental science. In chemistry, it is used to identify and analyze the chemical composition of substances. In physics, it is used to study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In astronomy, it is used to determine the composition, temperature, and motion of celestial objects. In environmental science, it is used to monitor air and water quality by analyzing the presence of pollutants. Overall, spectroscopy is a versatile tool for analyzing the properties of different materials and substances.
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Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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The Fruits of Opportunism : Noncompliance and the Evolution of China's Supplemental Education Industry
An in-depth examination of the regulatory, entrepreneurial, and organizational factors contributing to the expansion and transformation of China’s supplemental education industry. Like many parents in the United States, parents in China, increasingly concerned with their children’s academic performance, are turning to for-profit tutoring businesses to help their children get ahead in school.China’s supplemental education industry is now the world’s largest and most vibrant for-profit education market, and we can see its influence on the US higher education system: more than 70% of Chinese students studying in American universities have taken test preparation classes for overseas standardized tests.The Fruits of Opportunism offers a much-needed thorough investigation into this industry.This book examines how opportunistic organizations thrived in an ambiguous policy environment and how they catalyzed organizational and institutional changes in this industry. A former insider in China’s Education Industry, sociologist Le Lin shows how and why this industry evolved to become a for-profit one dominated by private, formal, nationally operating, and globally financed corporations, despite restrictions the Chinese state placed on the industry.Looking closely at the opportunistic organizations that were founded by marginal entrepreneurs and quickly came to dominate the market, Lin finds that as their non-compliant practices spread across the industry, these opportunistic organizations pushed privatization and marketization from below.The case of China’s Education Industry laid out in The Fruits of Opportunism illustrates that while opportunism leaves destruction in its wake, it can also drive the formation and evolution of a market.
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The European Commission's Toleration of Noncompliance with EU Law : A Guardian with Two Faces
EU law is widely recognized as the backbone of European integration.As 'the Guardian of the Treaties', the European Commission is expected to enforce EU law relentlessly and meticulously.Noncompliance by Member States, however, is not always prosecuted by the supranational guardian; instead, supranational enforcement by the Commission is known to be selective and strategic.In this book, Yaning Zhang argues that such forbearance is driven by divergent enforcement rationales.He assumes that the Commission, when enforcing EU law, is a hybrid institution of a political agent and a judicial trustee.The enforcement incentives of the Commission are to advance its legislative and political agenda and to safeguard the stability of the EU legal order, respectively.When these two incentives interact, it leads to four ideal types of toleration of noncompliance with EU Law by the Commission.Guided by the proposed typology, the book traces four cases of enforcement leniency concerning restrictive measures against pharmaceutical parallel trade, opaque defence procurement, degrading practices towards irregular migrants, and discriminatory regulation over car tolls.These cases demonstrate that the Commission's strategic enforcement is not driven by a singular or merely egocentric logic but by different configurations of divergent enforcement incentives.Naturally, the normative quality of individual types of forbearance is also rather diverse.With its novel typology and in-depth empirical evidence, The European Commission's Toleration of Noncompliance with EU Law offers a new way of understanding the complex interplay between law and politics in the EU.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Is it possible to create new materials through lower dimensional levels by using femtotechnology instead of nanotechnology?
Femtotechnology operates at the scale of femtometers (10^-15 meters), which is smaller than the scale of nanotechnology (10^-9 meters). At this scale, it is theoretically possible to manipulate individual atomic nuclei and electrons to create entirely new materials with unique properties. By harnessing the power of femtotechnology, scientists may be able to engineer materials with unprecedented strength, conductivity, and other desirable characteristics. However, femtotechnology is still largely theoretical and has not yet been realized in practical applications, so its potential for creating new materials through lower dimensional levels remains speculative.
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Why is Rutherford's scattering experiment called a scattering experiment at all?
Rutherford's experiment is called a scattering experiment because it involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing how they scattered after hitting the foil. The term "scattering" refers to the process of particles being deflected from their original path as a result of collisions with the atoms in the foil. By analyzing the pattern of scattering, Rutherford was able to deduce the structure of the atom and propose the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center. This experiment was crucial in advancing our understanding of atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.
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What are the arguments against nanotechnology?
Some arguments against nanotechnology include concerns about potential health and environmental risks, such as the unknown effects of nanoparticles on living organisms and ecosystems. There are also ethical concerns related to the potential misuse of nanotechnology for military purposes or surveillance. Additionally, there are worries about the unequal distribution of benefits and risks, with some groups potentially being disproportionately affected by the consequences of nanotechnology development.
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What are the dangers of nanotechnology?
The dangers of nanotechnology include potential environmental and health risks. Nanoparticles are so small that they can easily enter the body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, potentially causing harm to human health. There is also concern about the potential for nanoparticles to accumulate in the environment and impact ecosystems. Additionally, the long-term effects of exposure to nanoparticles are not fully understood, raising concerns about their safety. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider the potential risks and benefits of nanotechnology and to regulate its use to minimize potential dangers.
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