Products related to Invariant:
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Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.
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Factorization of Boundary Value Problems Using the Invariant Embedding Method
Factorization Method for Boundary Value Problems by Invariant Embedding presents a new theory for linear elliptic boundary value problems.The authors provide a transformation of the problem in two initial value problems that are uncoupled, enabling you to solve these successively.This method appears similar to the Gauss block factorization of the matrix, obtained in finite dimension after discretization of the problem.This proposed method is comparable to the computation of optimal feedbacks for linear quadratic control problems.
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Constrained Willmore Surfaces : Symmetries of a Mobius Invariant Integrable System
From Bäcklund to Darboux, this monograph presents a comprehensive journey through the transformation theory of constrained Willmore surfaces, a topic of great importance in modern differential geometry and, in particular, in the field of integrable systems in Riemannian geometry.The first book on this topic, it discusses in detail a spectral deformation, Bäcklund transformations and Darboux transformations, and proves that all these transformations preserve the existence of a conserved quantity, defining, in particular, transformations within the class of constant mean curvature surfaces in 3-dimensional space-forms, with, furthermore, preservation of both the space-form and the mean curvature, and bridging the gap between different approaches to the subject, classical and modern.Clearly written with extensive references, chapter introductions and self-contained accounts of the core topics, it is suitable for newcomers to the theory of constrained Wilmore surfaces.Many detailed computations and new results unavailable elsewhere in the literature make it also an appealing reference for experts.
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Invariant Measurement : Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
This is the second edition of an introductory text that describes the principles of invariant measurement; how invariant measurement can be achieved using Rasch measurement theory; and how to use invariant measurement to solve a variety of measurement problems in the social, behavioral, and health sciences.Rasch models are used throughout the text, but brief comparisons of Rasch models to other item response theory (IRT) models are also provided. Written with students in mind, this new edition was class-tested to help maximize accessibility.Chapters open with an introduction and close with a discussion and summary.All chapters have been updated from the first edition, and a new chapter on explanatory Rasch models has been added.Features include numerous examples and exercises to demonstrate the main issues addressed in each chapter.Key terms are defined when first introduced and included in a helpful end-of-text glossary. This book also benefits from online materials which include the data sets used in the book, sample syntax files for running the Facets program, Excel files for creating item and person response functions, and links to related websites. This book will act as a supplementary text for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on measurement or test theory, IRT, scaling theory, psychometrics, advanced measurement techniques, research methods, or evaluation research taught in education, psychology, and other social and health sciences.It will also appeal to practitioners and researchers in these fields who develop or use scales and instruments.Only a basic mathematical level is required, including a basic course in statistics, ensuring it is an accessible resource for students and researchers alike.
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Is the dot product coordinate-invariant?
Yes, the dot product is coordinate-invariant. This means that the value of the dot product between two vectors does not change when the vectors are expressed in different coordinate systems. This property is a result of the fact that the dot product is defined in terms of the magnitudes and the angle between the vectors, which are geometric properties that do not depend on the specific coordinate system being used. Therefore, the dot product is a useful and consistent tool for comparing vectors regardless of the coordinate system in which they are expressed.
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Is the generalized momentum invariant in Lagrange?
Yes, the generalized momentum is invariant in Lagrange's equations of motion. This is because Lagrange's equations are derived from the principle of least action, which ensures that the action is stationary under variations of the generalized coordinates and velocities. As a result, the generalized momentum, which is defined as the derivative of the Lagrangian with respect to the generalized velocity, remains constant along the trajectory of the system. This conservation of momentum is a fundamental property of Lagrangian mechanics.
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Where has photonics gone?
Photonics has advanced and expanded into various industries and applications, including telecommunications, healthcare, manufacturing, and defense. It has enabled the development of faster and more efficient communication systems, medical imaging technologies, high-precision manufacturing tools, and advanced military equipment. Photonics has also made significant contributions to renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells and LED lighting. Overall, photonics has become an integral part of modern technology and continues to drive innovation in a wide range of fields.
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How advanced is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is a rapidly advancing field that involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, which is on the order of billionths of a meter. It has already led to significant advancements in various industries, including medicine, electronics, and materials science. Researchers are continually developing new techniques and applications for nanotechnology, such as targeted drug delivery, nanoelectronics, and nanomaterials with unique properties. While nanotechnology is still in its early stages, it holds great promise for revolutionizing many aspects of our lives in the future.
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Invariant Measurement : Using Rasch Models in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences
This is the second edition of an introductory text that describes the principles of invariant measurement; how invariant measurement can be achieved using Rasch measurement theory; and how to use invariant measurement to solve a variety of measurement problems in the social, behavioral, and health sciences.Rasch models are used throughout the text, but brief comparisons of Rasch models to other item response theory (IRT) models are also provided. Written with students in mind, this new edition was class-tested to help maximize accessibility.Chapters open with an introduction and close with a discussion and summary.All chapters have been updated from the first edition, and a new chapter on explanatory Rasch models has been added.Features include numerous examples and exercises to demonstrate the main issues addressed in each chapter.Key terms are defined when first introduced and included in a helpful end-of-text glossary. This book also benefits from online materials which include the data sets used in the book, sample syntax files for running the Facets program, Excel files for creating item and person response functions, and links to related websites. This book will act as a supplementary text for graduate or advanced undergraduate courses on measurement or test theory, IRT, scaling theory, psychometrics, advanced measurement techniques, research methods, or evaluation research taught in education, psychology, and other social and health sciences.It will also appeal to practitioners and researchers in these fields who develop or use scales and instruments.Only a basic mathematical level is required, including a basic course in statistics, ensuring it is an accessible resource for students and researchers alike.
Price: 135.00 £ | Shipping*: 0.00 £ -
Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.
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Magneto-Optics and Spectroscopy of Antiferromagnets
Certain magnetic materials have optical properties that make them attractive for a wide variety of applications such as optical switches.This book describes the physics of one class of such magnetooptic materials, the insulating antiferromagnets.The authors summarize recent results concerning the structure, optical properties, spectroscopy, and magnetooptical properties of these materials.In particular, they consider magnetic phase transitions, symmetry effects, the linear magnetooptical effect, magnons, spectroscopic study of spin waves, photoinduced magnetic effects, and the effects of impurities.
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Nanotechnology in Electronics : Materials, Properties, Devices
Nanotechnology in Electronics Enables readers to understand and apply state-of-the-art concepts surrounding modern nanotechnology in electronics Nanotechnology in Electronics summarizes numerous research accomplishments in the field, covering novel materials for electronic applications (such as graphene, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes) and modern nanoelectronic devices (such as biosensors, optoelectronic devices, flexible electronics, nanoscale batteries, and nanogenerators) that are used in many different fields (such as sensor technology, energy generation, data storage and biomedicine). Edited by four highly qualified researchers and professionals in the field, other specific sample topics covered in Nanotechnology in Electronics include: Graphene-based nanoelectronics biosensors, including the history, properties, and fundamentals of graphene, plus fundamentals of graphene derivatives and the synthesis of graphene Zinc oxide piezoelectronic nanogenerators for low frequency applications, with an introduction to zinc oxide and zinc oxide piezoelectric nanogenerators Investigation of the hot junctionless mosfets, including an overview of the junctionless paradigm and a simulation framework of the hot carrier degradation Conductive nanomaterials for printed/flexible electronics application and metal oxide semiconductors for non-invasive diagnosis of breast cancer The fundamental aspects and applications of multiferroic-based spintronic devices and quartz tuning fork based nanosensors. Containing in-depth information on the topic and written intentionally to help with the practical application of concepts described within, Nanotechnology in Electronics is a must-have reference for materials scientists, electronics engineers, and engineering scientists who wish to understand and harness the state of the art in the field.
Price: 159.00 £ | Shipping*: 0.00 £
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What is NMR spectroscopy?
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the structure and dynamics of molecules. It provides detailed information about the chemical environment, connectivity, and conformation of atoms within a molecule. By measuring the interactions of atomic nuclei with a magnetic field, NMR spectroscopy can elucidate the molecular structure of organic compounds, proteins, and other biomolecules. This technique is widely used in chemistry, biochemistry, and structural biology for research and drug discovery purposes.
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How is spectroscopy applied?
Spectroscopy is applied in various fields such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, and environmental science. In chemistry, it is used to identify and analyze the chemical composition of substances. In physics, it is used to study the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. In astronomy, it is used to determine the composition, temperature, and motion of celestial objects. In environmental science, it is used to monitor air and water quality by analyzing the presence of pollutants. Overall, spectroscopy is a versatile tool for analyzing the properties of different materials and substances.
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Is it possible to create new materials through lower dimensional levels by using femtotechnology instead of nanotechnology?
Femtotechnology operates at the scale of femtometers (10^-15 meters), which is smaller than the scale of nanotechnology (10^-9 meters). At this scale, it is theoretically possible to manipulate individual atomic nuclei and electrons to create entirely new materials with unique properties. By harnessing the power of femtotechnology, scientists may be able to engineer materials with unprecedented strength, conductivity, and other desirable characteristics. However, femtotechnology is still largely theoretical and has not yet been realized in practical applications, so its potential for creating new materials through lower dimensional levels remains speculative.
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Why is Rutherford's scattering experiment called a scattering experiment at all?
Rutherford's experiment is called a scattering experiment because it involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing how they scattered after hitting the foil. The term "scattering" refers to the process of particles being deflected from their original path as a result of collisions with the atoms in the foil. By analyzing the pattern of scattering, Rutherford was able to deduce the structure of the atom and propose the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center. This experiment was crucial in advancing our understanding of atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.
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