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  • Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
    Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides

    Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.

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  • International Economic Law : Text, Cases and Materials
    International Economic Law : Text, Cases and Materials

    Reconciling all fields of international economic law (IEL) and creating bridges between disciplines in a conceptual as well as practical manner, this book stands out as the first modern, comprehensive international economic law textbook.Containing a technically solid yet critically rich body of knowledge that spans disciplines from trade law to investment, from trade finance to fisheries subsidies, from development to the digital economy and other new-age topics, the book offers the widest possible coverage of issues in current international economic law.Positioning IEL as a truly global practice, the comprehensive coverage includes various treaty texts, landmark cases and new materials, and is supplemented by case studies, real-life examples, exercises and illustrations.The case extracts and legal texts are selectively chosen, with careful editing and serious deliberation to engage modern law students.Mini chapters show examples of interdisciplinary interactions and provide a window into the future disciplines of international economic law.

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  • Economic Torts and Economic Wrongs
    Economic Torts and Economic Wrongs

    This book explores contemporary issues in respect of causes of action which operate to protect a plaintiff’s economic interests. It examines the question from across the spectrum of private law.Focusing mainly on common law principles, it looks in particular at the treatment of such causes of action in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Singapore as well as other common law jurisdictions.Addressing both theoretical and doctrinal issues, this important book will appeal to both private law scholars and practitioners.

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  • Economic Crisis and Economic Thought : Alternative Theoretical Perspectives on the Economic Crisis
    Economic Crisis and Economic Thought : Alternative Theoretical Perspectives on the Economic Crisis

    The ongoing economic crisis has revealed fundamental problems both in our economic system and the discipline which analyses it.This book presents a series of contrasting but complementary approaches in economic theory in order to offer a critical toolkit for examining the modern capitalist economy.The global economic crisis may have changed the world in which we live, but not the fundamental tenets of the discipline.This book is a critical assessment of the relation between economic theory and economic crises: how intellectual thinking impacts on real economic events and vice versa.It aims at challenging the conventional way in which economics is taught in universities and later adopted by public officials in the policymaking process.The contributions, all written by distinguished academics and researchers, offer a heterodox perspective on economic thinking and analysis.Each chapter is inspired by alternative theoretical approaches which have been mostly side-lined from current academic teaching programmes.A major suggestion of the book is that the recent economic crisis can be better understood by recovering such theoretical analyses and turning them into a useful framework for economic policymaking.Economic Crisis and Economic Thought is intended as a companion to economics students at the Master’s and PhD level, in order for them to confront issues related to the labour market, the financial sector, macroeconomics, industrial economics, etc. with an alternative and complementary perspective. It challenges the way in which economic theory is currently taught and offered via alternatives for the future.

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  • How are economic cycles and economic growth related?

    Economic cycles and economic growth are closely related. Economic cycles refer to the fluctuations in economic activity, including periods of expansion and contraction. Economic growth, on the other hand, refers to the long-term increase in a country's output of goods and services. During an economic expansion phase of the cycle, there is typically higher economic growth, as businesses invest and consumer spending increases. Conversely, during a contraction phase, economic growth tends to slow down or even turn negative. Therefore, economic cycles can have a significant impact on the overall level of economic growth in a country.

  • How does economic growth occur in the economic cycle?

    Economic growth occurs in the economic cycle through a combination of factors. During the expansion phase of the cycle, businesses invest in new equipment and technology, leading to increased productivity and output. This increased production leads to higher employment levels and consumer spending, further fueling economic growth. Additionally, during this phase, consumer and business confidence is high, leading to increased investment and spending. Overall, economic growth occurs as a result of increased production, employment, and investment during the expansion phase of the economic cycle.

  • What is the difference between economic system and economic process?

    An economic system refers to the structure and organization of an economy, including the institutions, laws, and policies that govern economic activity. It encompasses the overall framework within which economic decisions are made, resources are allocated, and goods and services are produced and distributed. On the other hand, an economic process refers to the specific actions and activities that take place within an economic system, such as production, consumption, investment, and trade. While the economic system sets the rules and parameters for these processes, the economic process involves the day-to-day activities and transactions that drive the economy.

  • Are we in an economic crisis or a global economic crisis?

    We are currently facing a global economic crisis due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic has caused widespread disruptions to economies around the world, leading to job losses, business closures, and financial instability. Governments and central banks have implemented various measures to mitigate the economic fallout, but the full extent of the crisis is still unfolding. The interconnected nature of the global economy means that the effects of this crisis are being felt on a worldwide scale.

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  • Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
    Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications

    Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.

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  • Legal Problems of International Economic Relations : Cases, Materials, and Text
    Legal Problems of International Economic Relations : Cases, Materials, and Text

    This book focuses on the rules-based multilateral trading system established by the World Trade Organization, with particular emphasis given to the rich and detailed jurisprudence developed by the WTO's Appellate Body.The book also devotes considerable attention to national laws operating in the shadow of the WTO system (such as antidumping and countervailing duty laws), and to interesting new developments associated with free trade agreements such as the USMCA.After introductory chapters on international economics, international law, and US constitutional and institutional issues relating to international trade regulation, the book explores the WTO's structure and takes a detailed look at its dispute settlement system.The heart of the book then treats the basic GATT rules on (i) trade liberalization (tariffs and quotas), (ii) non-discrimination (MFN and national treatment and the exceptions for FTAs, health and conservation), (iii) standards and (iv) trade remedies (safeguards, dumping and subsidies).Additional chapters cover trade in services, intellectual property issues and several other trade-related issues.The new 7th edition offers a basic understanding of the international economic system, the impact of international economic interdependence and the struggle of legal institutions to cope with this and other aspects of globalization.

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  • Economic Philosophy
    Economic Philosophy

    Joan Robinson (1903-1983) was one of the greatest economists of the twentieth century and a fearless critic of free-market capitalism.A major figure in the controversial ‘Cambridge School’ of economics in the post-war period, she made fundamental contributions to the economics of international trade and development.In Economic Philosophy Robinson looks behind the curtain of economics to reveal a constant battle between economics as a science and economics as ideology, which she argued was integral to economics.In her customary vivid and pellucid style, she criticizes early economists Adam Smith and David Ricardo, and neo-classical economists Alfred Marshall, Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras, over the question of value.She shows that what they respectively considered to be the generators of value - labour-time, marginal utility or preferences - are not scientific but ‘metaphysical’, and that it is frequently in ideology, not science, that we find the reason for the rejection of economic theories.She also weighs up the implications of the Keynesian revolution in economics, particularly whether Keynes’s theories are applicable to developing economies.Robinson concludes with a prophetic lesson that resonates in today’s turbulent and unequal economy: that the task of the economist is to combat the idea that the only values that count are those that can be measured in terms of money. This Routledge Classics edition includes a new foreword by Sheila Dow.

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  • Economic Dignity
    Economic Dignity


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  • How can sustainable economic activity be reconciled with simultaneous economic growth?

    Sustainable economic activity can be reconciled with simultaneous economic growth by implementing policies and practices that prioritize environmental and social considerations alongside economic development. This can include investing in renewable energy, promoting sustainable agriculture, and implementing regulations to reduce pollution and waste. Additionally, businesses can adopt sustainable practices such as reducing energy consumption, minimizing waste, and promoting fair labor practices. By integrating sustainability into economic decision-making, it is possible to achieve economic growth while also preserving natural resources and promoting social well-being for future generations.

  • What are economic relationships?

    Economic relationships refer to the connections and interactions between individuals, businesses, and governments that involve the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. These relationships are based on the exchange of resources, such as money, labor, and capital, to create value and promote economic growth. Economic relationships can take various forms, including trade agreements, investment partnerships, and consumer-producer transactions, and play a crucial role in shaping the global economy.

  • What is economic housework?

    Economic housework refers to the unpaid labor that individuals, typically women, perform within the household to maintain and care for the home and family. This includes tasks such as cooking, cleaning, childcare, and managing household finances. Despite being essential for the functioning of a household and the well-being of its members, economic housework is often undervalued and goes unrecognized in traditional economic models. This can contribute to gender inequalities in terms of income, career opportunities, and overall well-being.

  • What is economic sustainability?

    Economic sustainability refers to the ability of an economy to support current and future generations by balancing economic growth with social and environmental responsibility. It involves ensuring that resources are used efficiently and equitably to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This includes promoting long-term economic development, reducing inequality, and minimizing negative impacts on the environment. Overall, economic sustainability aims to create a stable and resilient economy that can thrive over the long term.

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