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  • Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides
    Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides

    Raman Scattering on Emerging Semiconductors and Oxides presents Raman scattering studies.It describes the key fundamental elements in applying Raman spectroscopies to various semiconductors and oxides without complicated and deep Raman theories. Across nine chapters, it covers:• SiC and IV-IV semiconductors,• III-GaN and nitride semiconductors,• III-V and II-VI semiconductors,• ZnO-based and GaO-based semiconducting oxides,• Graphene, ferroelectric oxides, and other emerging materials,• Wide-bandgap semiconductors of SiC, GaN, and ZnO, and• Ultra-wide gap semiconductors of AlN, Ga2O3, and graphene. Key achievements from the author and collaborators in the above fields are referred to and cited with typical Raman spectral graphs and analyses.Written for engineers, scientists, and academics, this comprehensive book will be fundamental for newcomers in Raman spectroscopy. Zhe Chuan Feng has had an impressive career spanning many years of important work in engineering and tech, including as a professor at the Graduate Institute of Photonics & Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei; establishing the Science Exploring Lab; joining Kennesaw State University as an adjunct professor, part-time; and at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Polytechnic College of Engineering and Engineering Technology.Currently, he is focusing on materials research for LED, III-nitrides, SiC, ZnO, other semiconductors/oxides, and nanostructures and has devoted time to materials research and growth of III-V and II-VI compounds, LED, III nitrides, SiC, ZnO, GaO, and other semiconductors/oxides. Professor Feng has also edited and published multiple review books in his field, alongside authoring scientific journal papers and conference/proceeding papers.He has organized symposiums and been an invited speaker at different international conferences and universities.He has also served as a guest editor for special journal issues.

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  • Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications
    Applied Raman Spectroscopy : Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications

    Applied Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts, Instrumentation, Chemometrics, and Life Science Applications synthesizes recent developments in the field, providing an updated overview.The book focuses on the modern concepts of Raman spectroscopy techniques, recent technological innovations, data analysis using chemometric methods, along with the latest examples of life science applications relevant in academia and industries.It will be beneficial to researchers from various branches of science and technology, and it will point them to modern techniques coupled with data analysis methods.In addition, it will help instruct new readers on Raman spectroscopy and hyphenated Raman spectroscopic techniques. The book is primarily written for analytical and physical chemistry students and researchers at a more advanced level who require a broad introductory overview of the applications of Raman spectroscopy, as well as those working in applied industry and clinical laboratories.Students, researchers, and industry workers in related fields, including X-ray and materials science, agriculture, botany, molecular biology and biotechnology, mineralogy, and environmental science will also find it very useful.

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  • A Scattering
    A Scattering

    In Highland Scotland in 1850, Catriona lives life to the rhythm of seasons and Gaelic songs, until a dramatic change of circumstance forces her to fight for everyone and everything she loves. Years later Rose, an artist, trying to make sense of her fractured family and her own restlessness, searches among the ruins of a deserted landscape.Does the answer lie in the injustices of the past?Set on a remote Scottish hillside, during the Highland Clearances, A Scattering follows Rose and Catriona, who are from different centuries, but share a secret and a common enemy. Interweaving the story of a crofting community with a rich Gaelic culture, and one set in present-day Scotland, it explores the effect the clearances had not only on the people and culture but also on later generations, until one woman finds a way to break the cycle.

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  • A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy
    A Milliliter-Scale Setup for the Efficient Characterization of Multicomponent Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Using Raman Spectroscopy

    Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data are of major importance for the chemical industry.Despite significant progress in predictive methods, experimental VLE data are still indispensable.In this work, we address the need for experimental VLE data.Commonly, the characterization of VLE requires significant experimental effort.To limit the experimental effort, VLE measurements are frequently conducted by synthetic methods which employ samples of known composition and avoid complex analytics and sampling issues.In contrast, analytical methods provide independent information on phase compositions, commonly based on sampling and large amounts of substance. In the first part of this work, we employ a synthetic method, the well-established Cailletet setup, to characterize the high pressure VLE of two promising binary biofuel blends.The Cailletet method serves as a state of the art reference method that enables collecting data of remarkable accuracy.However, extensive infrastructure is needed. In the second part, to avoid extensive infrastructure and overcome limitations of previous methods, we develop a novel analytical milliliter-scale setup for the noninvasive and efficient characterization of VLE: RAMSPEQU (Raman Spectroscopic Phase Equilibrium Characterization).The novel setup saves substance and rapidly characterizes VLE.Sampling and its associated errors are avoided by analyzing phase compositions using Raman spectroscopy.Thereby, volumes of less than 3 ml are sufficient for reliable phase equilibrium measurements.To enable rapid data generation and save substance, we design an integrated workow combining Raman signal calibration and VLE measurement.As a result, RAMSPEQU gives access to up to 15 pT xy-data sets per workday.RAMSPEQU is successfully validated against pure component and binary VLE data from literature. However, mixtures with only two components rarely depict real industrial applications.As the number of experiments increases strongly with a rising number of components, the efficient RAMSPEQU setup seems particularly suited for multicomponent systems.In the third part of this work, we employ the RAMSPEQU setup for the characterization of a quaternary system and its binary subsystems. 22 ml and 105 ml of the binary and quaternary mixtures are sufficient for an extensive VLE characterization. The RAMSPEQU setup and its integrated workow enable the characterization of multicomponent VLE while saving significant amounts of substance and laboratory time.

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  • Why is Rutherford's scattering experiment called a scattering experiment at all?

    Rutherford's experiment is called a scattering experiment because it involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing how they scattered after hitting the foil. The term "scattering" refers to the process of particles being deflected from their original path as a result of collisions with the atoms in the foil. By analyzing the pattern of scattering, Rutherford was able to deduce the structure of the atom and propose the existence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at its center. This experiment was crucial in advancing our understanding of atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.

  • What was Rutherford's scattering experiment?

    Rutherford's scattering experiment involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing their deflection. The experiment aimed to study the structure of the atom and determine how the positive charge is distributed within it. The unexpected results of the experiment led Rutherford to propose the nuclear model of the atom, where he suggested that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at their center. This experiment was crucial in advancing our understanding of atomic structure.

  • What is the Rutherford scattering experiment?

    The Rutherford scattering experiment was conducted by physicist Ernest Rutherford in 1909. In this experiment, Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles and observed their scattering patterns. The unexpected results of the experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and the development of the nuclear model of the atom. The experiment showed that most of the alpha particles passed through the foil, but some were deflected at large angles, indicating the presence of a small, dense nucleus within the atom. This experiment revolutionized our understanding of the structure of the atom.

  • What is the Rutherford scattering with copper?

    Rutherford scattering with copper refers to the experiment conducted by Ernest Rutherford in which he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. The experiment led to the discovery that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center, which was a groundbreaking finding in the field of nuclear physics. The use of copper in the experiment is not common, as gold was the metal foil typically used due to its malleability and ability to be made very thin.

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  • Amã Stays & Trails Raman Villa , Shimla
    Amã Stays & Trails Raman Villa , Shimla


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  • A Scattering and Anniversary
    A Scattering and Anniversary

    This edition brings together A Scattering and Anniversary into a single book of lamentation and remembrance, its subject being Christopher Reid's wife, the actress Lucinda Gane, who died of cancer at the age of fifty-five.A Scattering was first published in the UK in 2009 to wide acclaim, winning the Costa Book of the Year Award.This moving and fiercely self-reflective collection is divided into four poetic sequences.The first was written during a holiday a few months before Gane's death with the knowledge that the end was approaching; the second recalls her last courageous weeks, spent in a hospice in London; the third continues the exploration of bereavement from a variety of perspectives; and the fourth addresses her directly, celebrating her life, personality and achievements. Pairing A Scattering for the first time with Anniversary, which was written to commemorate the tenth anniversary of Gane's death, this volume brings Reid into dialogue, again, with the wife he loved.A moving exploration of the stages of grief and how the 'weighty emptinesses' that remain after bereavement change us, A Scattering andAnniversary show us what it means to love, lose and - forever changed - continue on.

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  • A Scattering of Blue Light
    A Scattering of Blue Light


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  • Physically-Based Models for the Analysis of Raman Spectra
    Physically-Based Models for the Analysis of Raman Spectra

    In recent years, spectroscopy has developed into an increasingly valuable tool to determine the composition of mixtures; for scientific questions as well as for the industry.The increasing use of spectroscopy raises the question how to best use the obtained data.For the analysis of spectral data, the method of Indirect Hard Modeling (IHM) has been established besides statistical methods like PLS.IHM is a nonlinear method that can therefore efficiently treat nonlinear effects such as peak-shifts.In the present work, the IHM method is expanded to increase its applicability. IHM treats nonlinear effects in the spectral evaluation.Therefore, the direct proportionality between the concentration and the Raman signal of a component can be used for calibration.The resulting linear calibration model allows for reliable extrapolation.Thus, IHM can be used to study reactive systems, even if only binary subsystems can be used for calibration.However, thermodynamic systems with intermediates can so far only be calibrated by using thermodynamic models.In this work, a method is established that calibrates a reactive system with intermediates only based on the reaction mechanism as well as stoichiometry and electroneutrality. Spectral backgrounds, e.g., fluorescence, can be treated by a spectral pretreatment or via background models.However, spectral backgrounds are still a common source of error in IHM.Derivatives have long been used very effectively in statistical methods.Therefore, IHM is adapted so that it becomes possible to evaluate the first derivative of spectra. The calibration of IHM is mostly limited to the relative spectral intensities of the involved components.In the present work, a method is presented that uses the information in the calibration spectra more thoroughly.For this purpose, nonlinear effects are parametrized as a function of concentration. The commonly used peak profiles do not reflect the physical reality at a detector very well.As a result, narrow modelled peaks may change their apparent intensity if they are shifted.To correct these shortcomings, a new peak model is proposed in this work that is more closely aligned to the physical reality of a detector.

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  • What is the difference between reflection and scattering?

    Reflection occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle it hits it, resulting in a clear image. Scattering, on the other hand, occurs when light is dispersed in different directions by particles or irregularities in a medium, resulting in a diffuse or hazy appearance. In reflection, the light maintains its original intensity and color, while in scattering, the light may lose intensity and change color due to the interaction with the medium.

  • What causes the photoelectric effect: absorption or scattering?

    The photoelectric effect is caused by absorption of photons by electrons in a material, rather than scattering. When a photon with sufficient energy is absorbed by an electron in a material, it can transfer enough energy to the electron to liberate it from the material, causing the photoelectric effect. Scattering, on the other hand, involves the redirection of photons by particles in a material, but it does not result in the ejection of electrons from the material.

  • Can you repeat the Rutherford scattering experiment in physics?

    Yes, the Rutherford scattering experiment can be repeated in physics. The experiment involves firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing their scattering patterns. This experiment can be replicated using modern equipment and techniques to study the behavior of alpha particles and the structure of the atom. By using more advanced detectors and data analysis methods, scientists can continue to explore the fundamental principles of atomic structure and the behavior of subatomic particles.

  • Why is the Rutherford experiment called the scattering experiment?

    The Rutherford experiment is called the scattering experiment because it involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil and observing how they scattered after hitting the foil. This scattering of alpha particles provided crucial evidence for the existence of a small, dense nucleus within the atom, as most of the alpha particles passed through the foil with little deflection, but a small fraction were scattered at large angles. This unexpected scattering pattern led to the development of the nuclear model of the atom and revolutionized our understanding of atomic structure.

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